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Cronicidad y uso de servicios sanitarios: la formación entre iguales de la Escuela de Pacientes

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Date

2017-12-18

Authors

Danet, Alina
Prieto Rodríguez, María Ángeles
Garrido Peña, Francisco
López Doblas, Manuela
Luque Martín, Nuria
March Cerdà, Joan Carles

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Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem
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Abstract

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la estrategia formativa de la Escuela de Pacientes en el uso de servicios sanitarios entre las personas con enfermedades crónicas. Método: Diseño cuantitativo de evaluación pretest y postest con una población de 3350 pacientes crónicos de la Escuela de Pacientes (Andalucía, 2013-2015). Se empleó un cuestionario adaptado de la Universidad de Stanford, que midió: salud autopercibida, número de visitas médicas y nivel de confianza y comunicación con el personal sanitario. Se realizó estudio descriptivo y bivariante, estudio de correlación y análisis de ganancias netas pretest/postest. Resultados: Participaron 964 pacientes (28,8% de la población): el 18,8% hombres, edad media 56 años. La formación aumentó la confianza en el personal de Atención Primaria (AP) y Atención Hospitalaria (AH) (0,44 y 0,65 puntos), descendieron las visitas médicas en un 25% y los ingresos hospitalarios en un 51%, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas por sexo y enfermedad. El índice de correlación entre confianza con profesionales y uso de servicios sanitarios fue de −0,215. Conclusión: La estrategia formativa tuvo un impacto positivo en el uso de servicios sanitarios y confianza con personal sanitario, detectándose áreas de mejora a partir de las cuales se establecen recomendaciones.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of the training strategy of the Escuela de Pacientes (School of Patients) on the use of health services among people with chronic diseases. Method: Quantitative design study of pretest and posttest evaluation with a population of 3,350 chronic patients of the Escuela de Pacientes (Andalusia, 2013-2015). A questionnaire adapted from the Stanford University was used. It measured the self-perceived health, number of health visits, and level of trust and communication with health personnel. A descriptive and bivariate study, a correlation study and a pretest/posttest net gain analysis were performed. Results: Participation of 964 patients (28.8% of the population), of which 18.8% were men, mean age 56 years. Training increased trust in Primary Care (PC) and Hospital Care (HC) professionals (0.44 and 0.65 points), medical visits decreased by 25%, and hospital admissions fell by 51% with statistically significant differences by sex and disease. The correlation index between trust in professionals and use of health services was -0.215. Conclusion: The training strategy had a positive impact on the use of health services and trust in health professionals, and were identified areas of improvement from which recommendations are established.

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Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic Disease
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Preventive Health Services::Health Education
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Delivery of Health Care::Attitude to Health::Patient Acceptance of Health Care::Patient Participation
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Rehabilitation::Self Care
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Group Processes::Peer Group

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Keywords

Enfermedad crónica, Educación en salud, Participación del paciente, Autocuidado, Servicios de salud

Citation

Danet A, Prieto Rodríguez MA, Garrido Peña F, López Doblas M, Luque Martín N, March Cerdà JC. Chronicity and use of health services: peer education of the School of Patients. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2017;51:e03280