Outlook on the neuroprotective effect of estrogen.

Abstract

Epidemiologic studies often consider gender differences in a particular pathology, and constantly observe variations between men and women. Indeed, a remarkable sexual dimorphism exists in the epidemiology of neurological conditions and brain diseases. Physiologically, males and females differ by their levels of circulating hormones that drive sexual behavioral, as well as endocrine functions. Estrogen is the primary female sex hormonal group that enwraps estradiol, estrone and estriol, and which are the major naturally occurring hormones prevalent in women. Their role in the reproductive function has long been established, although the ubiquitous expression of its receptors (alpha, beta and G protein-coupled, GPR30) presumes a broader spectrum of action. This short review will summarize the current knowledge in estrogen therapy with particular focus on some of the recent work that might lead to new neuroprotective treatments.