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Atención farmacéutica al paciente externo durante la pandemia COVID-19. Telefarmacia

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Date

2020

Authors

Margusino-Framiñán, Luis
Illarro-Uranga, Aitziber
Lorenzo-Lorenzo, Karina
Monte-Boquet, Emilio
Márquez-Saavedra, Esther
Fernández-Bargiela, Noelia
Gómez-Gómez, David
Lago-Rivero, Natividad
Poveda-Andrés, José Luis
Díaz-Acedo, Rocío

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Grupo Aula Médica, S.L.
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Abstract

Los servicios de farmacia hospitalaria (SFH) en España se han visto afectados por la crisis sanitaria provocada por SARS-CoV-2 y han tenido que adoptar sus procedimientos de atención farmacéutica (AF) al paciente externo (PE) mediante estrategias de Telefarmacia, con los objetivos de maximizar los resultados en salud y reducir el riesgo de contagio. El objetivo de ese artículo es describir y analizar los procedimientos AFPE durante la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 y comunicar las lecciones aprendidas en los SFH. En relación con las consultas externas de AF presenciales, se han adoptado medidas para minimizar el contagio viral de pacientes y profesionales, siguiendo las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales de referencia de distanciamiento temporal, espacial y recomendaciones higiénicas. En cuanto a las consultas externas de AF no presenciales, se han potenciado las teleconsultas con dispensación del tratamiento en base a cinco procedimientos básicos, cada uno de ellos con sus ventajas y limitaciones: dispensación domiciliaria desde SFH que presenta las ventajas de la universalidad de acceso, pero requiere una elevada inversión en recursos; coordinación del SHF con farmacéuticos de atención primaria, que conlleva una nula inversión en recursos, pero limita el acceso a determinadas zonas geográficas; coordinación del SFH con farmacéuticos comunitarios, que utiliza una amplia red de oficinas de farmacia, pero exige el desplazamiento del paciente sin garantías de confidencialidad para todos los casos; geolocalización y dispensación hospitalaria, que permite un acceso universal y trazabilidad directa, pero requiere un incremento en recursos humanos; y coordinación del SFH con asociaciones de pacientes, que no requiere inversión económica, pero limita el acceso a las patologías de los asociados. Destacamos finalmente tres lecciones aprendidas: la capacidad de AFPE de SFH españoles ante una crisis sanitaria; la utilidad de la Telefarmacia para el seguimiento clínico, la coordinación asistencial, información al PE, dispensación y entrega informada (con elevada satisfacción de los pacientes); y la necesidad de potenciar la Telefarmacia como herramienta complementaria, en un modelo mixto de AFPE que incorpore las ventajas de cada uno de los procedimientos adaptándose a las necesidades individuales de los pacientes en un entorno de humanización de la asistencia sanitaria.
Hospital Pharmacy Service (HPS) in Spain have been impacted by the health crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the outbreak has forced HPSs to adapt their outpatient consultation services to Telepharmacy to optimize clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of contagion. The purpose of this article is to describe and analyze the experience of HPSs with outpatient Telepharmacy during the COVID-19 pandemic and expose the lessons learned. Measures have been adopted in on-site outpatient pharmacy clinics to prevent exposure of patients and professionals to the virus. These measures are based on national and international recommendations on social distancing and hygiene. With regard to remote outpatient pharmacy services, teleconsultation with drug dispensing has been promoted based on five basic procedures, each with its advantages and limitations: home drug delivery from HPSs, with the advantage of universal access and the limitation of entailing a substantial investment in resources; HPS coordination with primary care pharmacists, which requires no investments but with limited access to some geographic areas; HPS coordination with community pharmacists based on a large network of pharmacies, which requires the patient to go to the pharmacy, without confidentiality being guaranteed for any patient; geolocation and hospital-based medication dispensing, which provides universal access and direct traceability, but entails investment in human resources; and HPS coordination with associations of patients, which does not entail any additional cost but limits the information available on the diseases of society members. Three main lessons have been learned during the pandemic: the satisfactory capacity of HPS to provide outpatient pharmacy consultation services in the setting of a public health crisis; the usefulness of Telepharmacy for the clinical follow-up, healthcare coordination, outpatient counseling, and informed dispensing and delivery of medication (with a high level of satisfaction among patients); and the need to foster Telepharmacy as a complementary tool through a mixed model of outpatient pharmacy consultation service that incorporates the advantages of each procedure and adapts to the individual needs of each patient in a context of humanized healthcare.

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MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Patient Care::Ambulatory Care
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Delivery of Health Care
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Facilities::Hospital Administration::Medication Systems, Hospital
Medical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Patients::Outpatients
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Disease Outbreaks::Epidemics::Pandemics
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Services::Preventive Health Services::Health Education::Patient Education as Topic
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Delivery of Health Care::Telemedicine
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Facilities::Ambulatory Care Facilities::Outpatient Clinics, Hospital
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services::Health Personnel::Pharmacists

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Keywords

Atención farmacéutica, Servicio de farmacia hospitalaria, Pacientes externos, Farmacéutico clínico, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Telefarmacia, Pandemia, Pharmaceutical care, Hospital pharmacy service, Clinics, hospital outpatient, Clinical pharmacist, Telepharmacy, Pandemic

Citation

Margusino-Framiñán L, Illarro-Uranga A, Lorenzo-Lorenzo K, Monte-Boquet E, Márquez-Saavedra E, Fernández-Bargiela N, et al. Pharmaceutical care to hospital outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telepharmacy. Farm Hosp. 2020 Jun 13;44(7):61-65