Publication:
Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Profiles of Subtype B HIV-1 Epidemics in South Spain.

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Date

2016-12-21

Authors

Pérez-Parra, Santiago
Chueca, Natalia
Álvarez, Marta
Pasquau, Juan
Omar, Mohamed
Collado, Antonio
Vinuesa, David
Lozano, Ana B
Yebra, Gonzalo
García, Federico

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Public Library of Science
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Abstract

BACKGROUND Since 1982, HIV-1 epidemics have evolved to different scenarios in terms of transmission routes, subtype distribution and characteristics of transmission clusters. We investigated the evolutionary history of HIV-1 subtype B in south Spain. PATIENTS & METHODS We studied all newly diagnosed HIV-1 subtype B patients in East Andalusia during the 2005-2012 period. For the analysis, we used the reverse transcriptase and protease sequences from baseline resistance, and the Trugene® HIV Genotyping kit (Siemens, Barcelona, Spain). Subtyping was done with REGA v3.0. The maximum likelihood trees constructed with RAxML were used to study HIV-1 clustering. Phylogeographic and phylodynamic profiles were studied by Bayesian inference methods with BEAST v1.7.5 and SPREAD v1.0.6. RESULTS Of the 493 patients infected with HIV-1 subtype B, 234 grouped into 55 clusters, most of which were small (44 clusters ≤ 5 patients, 31 with 2 patients, 13 with 3). The rest (133/234) were grouped into 11 clusters with ≥ 5 patients, and most (82%, 109/133) were men who have sex with men (MSM) grouped into 8 clusters. The association with clusters was more frequent in Spanish (p = 0.02) men (p< 0.001), MSM (p<0.001) younger than 35 years (p = 0.001) and with a CD4+ T-cell count above 350 cells/ul (p<0.001). We estimated the date of HIV-1 subtype B regional epidemic diversification around 1970 (95% CI: 1965-1987), with an evolutionary rate of 2.4 (95%CI: 1.7-3.1) x 10-3 substitutions/site/year. Most clusters originated in the 1990s in MSMs. We observed exponential subtype B HIV-1 growth in 1980-1990 and 2005-2008. The most significant migration routes for subtype B went from inland cities to seaside locations. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first data on the phylodynamic and phylogeographic profiles of HIV-1 subtype B in south Spain. Our findings of transmission clustering among MSMs should alert healthcare managers to enhance preventive measures in this risk group in order to prevent future outbreaks.

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Journal Article;

MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Bayes Theorem
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::T-Lymphocytes::CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Cities
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Cluster Analysis
Medical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Disease Outbreaks::Epidemics
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Retroviridae Infections::Lentivirus Infections::HIV Infections
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Viruses::RNA Viruses::Retroviridae::Lentivirus::Lentiviruses, Primate::HIV
Medical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Sexual Behavior::Sexuality::Homosexuality::Homosexuality, Male
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::Male
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Peptide Hydrolases
Medical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Biology::Genetics::Genetics, Population::Phylogeography
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Phosphotransferases::Nucleotidyltransferases::DNA Nucleotidyltransferases::DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase::RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain

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Keywords

Linfocitos T CD4-positivos, Ciudades, Análisis por conglomerados, Epidemias, Genotipo, Infecciones por VIH, VIH-1, Homosexualidad masculina, Péptido hidrolasas, Filogeografía, Probabilidad, ADN polimerasa dirigida por ARN, España, Teorema de bayes

Citation

Pérez-Parra S, Chueca N, Álvarez M, Pasquau J, Omar M, Collado A, et al. Phylodynamic and Phylogeographic Profiles of Subtype B HIV-1 Epidemics in South Spain. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(12):e0168099