Publication:
Frequency of Fabry disease in male and female haemodialysis patients in Spain

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Date

2010

Authors

Gaspar, Paulo
Herrera, Julio
Rodrigues, Daniel
Cerezo, Sebastian
Delgado, Rodrigo
Andrade, Carlos F
Forascepi, Ramon
Macias, Juan
del Pino, Maria D
Prados, Maria D

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BioMed Central
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Abstract

Enfermedad de Fabry (FD), un trastorno ligado al cromosoma X de almacenamiento lisosomal, es causada por una reducción de la actividad de la enzima lisosomal alfa-galactosidasa A. El desorden en última instancia, conduce a daños en los órganos (que incluyen insuficiencia renal) en hombres y mujeres. Sin embargo, las mujeres heterocigotas suelen presentar un fenotipo más leve, con un inicio más tardío y una progresión más lenta. MÉTODOS: Una estrategia combinada enzimática y genética se utilizó la medición de la actividad de la alfa-galactosidasa A y genotipo de la alfa-galactosidasa A gen (GLA) en muestras de sangre seca (DBS) de 911 pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis en los centros de toda España. RESULTADOS: GLA se encontraron alteraciones en siete pacientes no relacionados (4 hombres y 3 mujeres). Dos nuevas mutaciones (p.Gly346AlafsX347 y p.Val199GlyfsX203) fueron identificados, así como una mutación se ha descrito anteriormente, R118C. La mutación R118C estuvo presente en el 60% de los pacientes no relacionados con mutaciones causales de GLA. La alteración D313Y, considerado por algunos autores como un alelo pseudo-deficiencia, también se encontró en dos de cada siete pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Excluyendo la alteración D313Y polémica, DF presenta una frecuencia de uno en 182 individuos (0,55%) dentro de esta población de hombres y mujeres sometidos a hemodiálisis. Por otra parte, nuestros resultados sugieren que un número de pacientes con síntomas inexplicables y atípicos de la enfermedad renal puede tener FD. Los programas de detección de FD en las poblaciones de individuos que presentan una disfunción renal grave, alteraciones cardiacas o enfermedad cerebrovascular puede conducir al diagnóstico de la FD en los pacientes, el estudio de sus familias y, finalmente, la aplicación de una terapia específica.
BACKGROUND: Fabry disease (FD), an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by a reduced activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The disorder ultimately leads to organ damage (including renal failure) in males and females. However, heterozygous females usually present a milder phenotype with a later onset and a slower progression. METHODS: A combined enzymatic and genetic strategy was used, measuring the activity of alpha-galactosidase A and genotyping the alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA) in dried blood samples (DBS) of 911 patients undergoing haemodialysis in centers across Spain. RESULTS: GLA alterations were found in seven unrelated patients (4 males and 3 females). Two novel mutations (p.Gly346AlafsX347 and p.Val199GlyfsX203) were identified as well as a previously described mutation, R118C. The R118C mutation was present in 60% of unrelated patients with GLA causal mutations. The D313Y alteration, considered by some authors as a pseudo-deficiency allele, was also found in two out of seven patients. CONCLUSIONS: Excluding the controversial D313Y alteration, FD presents a frequency of one in 182 individuals (0.55%) within this population of males and females undergoing haemodialysis. Moreover, our findings suggest that a number of patients with unexplained and atypical symptoms of renal disease may have FD. Screening programmes for FD in populations of individuals presenting severe kidney dysfunction, cardiac alterations or cerebrovascular disease may lead to the diagnosis of FD in those patients, the study of their families and eventually the implementation of a specific therapy.

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MeSH Terms

Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Genome::Genome Components::Genes::Alleles
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::Mutagenesis::Amino Acid Substitution
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Brain Diseases, Metabolic::Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn::Lysosomal Storage Diseases, Nervous System::Sphingolipidoses::Fabry Disease
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genotype::Heterozygote
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle Aged
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Variation::Mutation
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Phenotype
Medical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Renal Replacement Therapy::Renal Dialysis
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Glycoside Hydrolases::Galactosidases::alpha-Galactosidase
Medical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::Spain
Medical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Aged::Aged, 80 and over
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans

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Keywords

Alelos, Amino Acid Substitution, Genotipo, Heterocigoto, Mediana Edad, Mutación, Fenotipo, Diálisis Renal, alfa-Galactosidasa, España, Femenino, Masculino, Adulto, Anciano de 80 o más años, Humanos

Citation

Gaspar P, Herrera J, Rodrigues D, Cerezo S, Delgado R, Andrade CF, et al. Frequency of Fabry disease in male and female haemodialysis patients in Spain. BMC Med Genet.[Internet]. 2010;11:19.