Unique Features of a Unique Cell: The Wonder World of GnRH Neurons.

Abstract

Reproduction is driven by the interplay of multiple neural and hormonal signals. Sophisticated neuronal circuits have evolved to govern gonadal function and transmit the influence of various internal and environmental cues on reproductive capacity (1, 2). Most of these regulatory factors impinge, directly or indirectly, on a final common pathway formed by neurons in the basal forebrain that produce GnRH (2). The discovery of GnRH in the 1970s opened up a new era in reproductive physiology and medicine, as illustrated not only by the growing clinical use of GnRH analogs but also by recognition of the fundamental role of pulsatile GnRH secretion in the control of puberty and fertility. Deregulation of GnRH pulsatility is involved in different reproductive conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and hypothalamic amenorrhea.