Publication: NAD+ metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer
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Identifiers
Date
2021-01-01
Authors
Navas, Lola E.
Carnero, Amancio
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Springer Nature
Abstract
NAD+ was discovered during yeast fermentation, and since its discovery, its important roles in redox metabolism, aging, and longevity, the immune system and DNA repair have been highlighted. A deregulation of the NAD+ levels has been associated with metabolic diseases and aging-related diseases, including neurodegeneration, defective immune responses, and cancer. NAD+ acts as a cofactor through its interplay with NADH, playing an essential role in many enzymatic reactions of energy metabolism, such as glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle. NAD+ also plays a role in deacetylation by sirtuins and ADP ribosylation during DNA damage/repair by PARP proteins. Finally, different NAD hydrolase proteins also consume NAD+ while converting it into ADP-ribose or its cyclic counterpart. Some of these proteins, such as CD38, seem to be extensively involved in the immune response. Since NAD cannot be taken directly from food, NAD metabolism is essential, and NAMPT is the key enzyme recovering NAD from nicotinamide and generating most of the NAD cellular pools. Because of the complex network of pathways in which NAD+ is essential, the important role of NAD+ and its key generating enzyme, NAMPT, in cancer is understandable. In the present work, we review the role of NAD+ and NAMPT in the ways that they may influence cancer metabolism, the immune system, stemness, aging, and cancer. Finally, we review some ongoing research on therapeutic approaches.
Description
MeSH Terms
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Chemical Phenomena::Chemical Processes::Physicochemical Processes::Oxidation-Reduction
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Cycle::Cell Division::Cytokinesis
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::DNA Damage
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring::Purines::Purine Nucleotides::Adenine Nucleotides::NAD
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Hemic and Immune Systems::Immune System
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Stem Cells::Neoplastic Stem Cells
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Glycosyltransferases::Pentosyltransferases::Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Cycle::Cell Division::Cytokinesis
Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Processes::DNA Damage
Medical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::Humans
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring::Purines::Purine Nucleotides::Adenine Nucleotides::NAD
Medical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Hemic and Immune Systems::Immune System
Medical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Stem Cells::Neoplastic Stem Cells
Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Glycosyltransferases::Pentosyltransferases::Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase
DeCS Terms
CIE Terms
Keywords
Cancer stem cells, Molecular medicine, Cancer metabolism, Cancer therapy, Células madre neoplásicas, Medicina molecular
Citation
Navas LE, Carnero A. NAD+ metabolism, stemness, the immune response, and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021 Jan 1;6(1):2