Publication: Síndrome de Noonan: actualización genética, clínica y de opciones terapéuticas.
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Identifiers
Date
2020-05-31
Authors
Carcavilla, Atilano
Suarez-Ortega, Larisa
Rodriguez-Sanchez, Amparo
Gonzalez-Casado, Isabel
Ramon-Krauel, Marta
Labarta, Jose Ignacio
Quinteiro-Gonzalez, Sofia
Riaño-Galan, Isolina
Ezquieta-Zubicaray, Begoña
Lopez-Siguero, Juan Pedro
Advisors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Elsevier
Abstract
El síndrome de Noonan (SN) es una enfermedad de origen genético relativamente frecuente cuyas manifestaciones fundamentales son la talla baja, la cardiopatía congénita y un fenotipo facial característico. La causa del síndrome de Noonan y de otras enfermedades clínicamente solapadas, como el síndrome de Noonan con lentiginosis múltiple (anteriormente llamado síndrome LEOPARD), el cardiofaciocutáneo o el síndrome de Costello, son mutaciones en genes que codifican para proteínas de la vía de señalización de las RAS-MAPKinasas. Debido a este sustrato común, este grupo de enfermedades son denominadas colectivamente «rasopatías». A pesar de los avances genéticos de las últimas décadas, cerca del 20% de los pacientes no tienen causa genética identificada, y el diagnóstico sigue siendo clínico. El síndrome de Noonan se caracteriza por una alta heterogeneidad clínica y genética, con afectación variable, y cambiante con la edad, de múltiples órganos y sistemas. Debido a esta variabilidad, es fundamental que los médicos involucrados en su cuidado estén familiarizados con sus manifestaciones y conozcan las recomendaciones de seguimiento, incluido el seguimiento del crecimiento y desarrollo. Hasta la fecha, los escasos datos de crecimiento con GH a talla adulta dan resultados de ganancia de talla moderados, semejantes a los obtenidos en el síndrome de Turner.
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common genetic condition characterised by short stature, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features. NS and other clinically overlapping conditions such as NS with multiple lentigines (formerly called LEOPARD syndrome), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, or Costello syndrome, are caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the RAS-MAPKinases pathway. Because of this shared mechanism, these conditions have been collectively termed «RASopathies». Despite the recent advances in molecular genetics, nearly 20% of patients still lack a genetic cause, and diagnosis is still made mainly on clinical grounds. NS is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, with variable expressivity and a changing phenotype with age, and affects multiple organs and systems. Therefore, it is essential that physicians involved in the care of these patients are familiarised with their manifestations and the management recommendations, including management of growth and development. Data on growth hormone treatment efficacy are sparse, and show a modest response in height gains, similar to that observed in Turner syndrome. The role of RAS/MAPK hyper-activation in the pathophysiology of this group of disorders offers a unique opportunity for the development of targeted approaches.
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a relatively common genetic condition characterised by short stature, congenital heart defects, and distinctive facial features. NS and other clinically overlapping conditions such as NS with multiple lentigines (formerly called LEOPARD syndrome), cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, or Costello syndrome, are caused by mutations in genes encoding proteins of the RAS-MAPKinases pathway. Because of this shared mechanism, these conditions have been collectively termed «RASopathies». Despite the recent advances in molecular genetics, nearly 20% of patients still lack a genetic cause, and diagnosis is still made mainly on clinical grounds. NS is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition, with variable expressivity and a changing phenotype with age, and affects multiple organs and systems. Therefore, it is essential that physicians involved in the care of these patients are familiarised with their manifestations and the management recommendations, including management of growth and development. Data on growth hormone treatment efficacy are sparse, and show a modest response in height gains, similar to that observed in Turner syndrome. The role of RAS/MAPK hyper-activation in the pathophysiology of this group of disorders offers a unique opportunity for the development of targeted approaches.
Description
MeSH Terms
Diagnosis, Differential
Genetic Markers
Genotype
Humans
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Mutation
Noonan Syndrome
Phenotype
Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
Genetic Markers
Genotype
Humans
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
Mutation
Noonan Syndrome
Phenotype
Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)
DeCS Terms
Alcantarillado simplificado
Médicos
Crecimiento y desarrollo
Biología molecular
Mutación
Síndrome de Turner
Médicos
Crecimiento y desarrollo
Biología molecular
Mutación
Síndrome de Turner
CIE Terms
Keywords
Cardiopatía congénita, Congenital heart disease, Gidelines, Guía, Hormona de crecimiento recombinante, Noonan syndrome, RASopathies, Ras/MAPK pathway, Rasopatías, Recombinant growth hormone, Short stature, Síndrome de Noonan, Talla baja, Vía RAS-MAPK
Citation
Carcavilla A, Suárez-Ortega L, Rodríguez Sánchez A, Gonzalez-Casado I, Ramón-Krauel M, Labarta JI, et al. Síndrome de Noonan: actualización genética, clínica y de opciones terapéuticas [Noonan syndrome: genetic and clinical update and treatment options]. An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2020 Jul;93(1):61.e1-61.e14. Spanish