Kostaki, Evangelia-GeorgiaFlampouris, AndreasKaramitros, TimokratisChueca, NataliaAlvarez, MartaCasas, PazAlejos, BelenHatzakis, AngelosGarcia, FedericoParaskevis, DimitriosCoRIS2025-01-072025-01-072019-03-111664-302Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/10668/26236Background and Aim: The circulating recombinant form 02_AG (CRF02_AG) is the predominant clade among the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) non-Bs with a prevalence of 5.97% (95% Confidence Interval-CI: 5.41-6.57%) across Spain. Our aim was to estimate the levels of regional clustering for CRF02_AG and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the largest CRF02_AG subepidemic in Spain. Methods: We studied 396 CRF02_AG sequences obtained from HIV-1 diagnosed patients during 2000-2014 from 10 autonomous communities of Spain. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the 391 CRF02_AG sequences along with all globally sampled CRF02_AG sequences (N = 3,302) as references. Phylodynamic and phylogeographic analysis was performed to the largest CRF02_AG monophyletic cluster by a Bayesian method in BEAST v1.8.0 and by reconstructing ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony in Mesquite v3.4, respectively. Results: The HIV-1 CRF02_AG prevalence differed across Spanish autonomous communities we sampled from (penAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CRF02_AGHIV-1Spainregional dispersalspatiotemporal characteristicsresearch article30915040open access10.3389/fmicb.2019.00370PMC6421502https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00370/pdfhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6421502/pdf