Martin-Gandul, CStampf, SHéquet, DMueller, N JCusini, Avan Delden, CKhanna, NBoggian, KHirzel, CSoccal, PHirsch, H HPascual, MMeylan, PManuel, OSwiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS)2023-01-252023-01-252017-02-02http://hdl.handle.net/10668/10728We assessed the impact of antiviral preventive strategies on the incidence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections in a nationwide cohort of transplant recipients. Risk factors for the development of HSV or VZV infection were assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression. We included 2781 patients (56% kidney, 20% liver, 10% lung, 7.3% heart, 6.7% others). Overall, 1264 (45%) patients received antiviral prophylaxis (ganciclovir or valganciclovir, n = 1145; acyclovir or valacyclovir, n = 138). Incidence of HSV and VZV infections was 28.9 and 12.1 cases, respectively, per 1000 person-years. Incidence of HSV and VZV infections at 1 year after transplant was 4.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.5-5.8) in patients receiving antiviral prophylaxis versus 12.3% (95% CI 10.7-14) in patients without prophylaxis; this was observed particularly for HSV infections (3% [95% CI 2.2-4] versus 9.8% [95% CI 8.4-11.4], respectively). A lower rate of HSV and VZV infections was also seen in donor or recipient cytomegalovirus-positive patients receiving ganciclovir or valganciclovir prophylaxis compared with a preemptive approach. Female sex (hazard ratio [HR] 1.663, p = 0.001), HSV seropositivity (HR 5.198, penantibiotic: antiviral-ganciclovir/valganciclovirclinical research/practiceinfection and infectious agentsinfectious diseaseviralviral: herpes zoster/VaricellaAdultAntiviral AgentsCohort StudiesCytomegalovirusCytomegalovirus InfectionsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGraft RejectionGraft SurvivalHerpesviridae InfectionsHerpesvirus 3, HumanHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedOrgan TransplantationPrognosisRisk FactorsSwitzerlandTransplant RecipientsPreventive Strategies Against Cytomegalovirus and Incidence of α-Herpesvirus Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Nationwide Cohort Study.research article28039960open access10.1111/ajt.141921600-6143https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/ajt.14192