Toribio, Maria JosePriego-Capote, FelicianoPerez-Gomez, BeatrizFernandez de Larrea-Baz, NereaRuiz-Moreno, EmmaCastello, AdelaLucas, PilarSierra, Maria angelesPino, Marina NievesMartinez-Cortes, MercedesLuque de Castro, Maria DoloresLope, VirginiaPollan, Marina2025-01-072025-01-072021-11-01https://hdl.handle.net/10668/25639The most representative indicator of vitamin D status in clinical practice is 25(OH)D-3, but new biomarkers could improve the assessment of vitamin D status and metabolism. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of serum vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D metabolite ratios (VMRs) with potentially influential factors in premenopausal women. This is a cross-sectional study based on 1422 women, aged 39-50, recruited from a Madrid Medical Diagnostic Center. Participants answered an epidemiological and a food frequency questionnaire. Serum vitamin D metabolites were determined using an SPE-LC-MS/MS platform. The association between participant's characteristics, vitamin D metabolites, and VMRs was quantified by multiple linear regression models. Mean 25(OH)D-3 concentration was 49.2 + 18.9 nmol/L, with greater deficits among obese, nulliparous, dark-skinned women, and with less sun exposure. A lower R2 ratio (1,25(OH)(2)D-3/25(OH)D-3) and a higher R4 (24,25(OH)(2)D-3/1,25(OH)(2)D-3) were observed in nulliparous women, with high sun exposure, and those with low caloric intake or high consumption of calcium, vitamin D supplements, or alcohol. Nulliparous women had lower R1 (25(OH)D-3/Vit D-3) and R3 (24,25(OH)(2)D-3/25(OH)D-3), and older women showed lower R3 and R4. Vitamin D status modified the association of the VMRs with seasons. VMRs can be complementary indicators of vitamin D status and its endogenous metabolism, and reveal the influence of certain individual characteristics on the expression of hydroxylase enzymes.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Vit D-325(OH)D-31,25(OH)(2)D-324,25(OH)(2)D-3vitamin D metabolite ratiosD deficiencyPopulationObesitySampleRiskresearch article34836003open access10.3390/nu131137472072-6643https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3747/pdf?version=1634983739727891400001