Grasby, Katrina LJahanshad, NedaPainter, Jodie NColodro-Conde, LucíaBralten, JanitaHibar, Derrek PLind, Penelope APizzagalli, FabrizioChing, Christopher R KMcMahon, Mary Agnes BShatokhina, NataliaZsembik, Leo C PThomopoulos, Sophia IZhu, Alyssa HStrike, Lachlan TAgartz, IngridAlhusaini, SaudAlmeida, Marcio A AAlnæs, DagAmlien, Inge KAndersson, MicaelArd, TylerArmstrong, Nicola JAshley-Koch, AllisonAtkins, Joshua RBernard, ManonBrouwer, Rachel MBuimer, Elizabeth E LBülow, RobinBürger, ChristianCannon, Dara MChakravarty, MallarChen, QiangCheung, Joshua WCouvy-Duchesne, BaptisteDale, Anders MDalvie, Shareefade Araujo, Tânia Kde Zubicaray, Greig Ide Zwarte, Sonja M Cden Braber, AnoukDoan, Nhat TrungDohm, KatharinaEhrlich, StefanEngelbrecht, Hannah-RuthErk, SusanneFan, Chun ChiehFedko, Iryna OFoley, Sonya FFord, Judith MFukunaga, MasakiGarrett, Melanie EGe, TianGiddaluru, SudheerGoldman, Aaron LGreen, Melissa JGroenewold, Nynke AGrotegerd, DominikGurholt, Tiril PGutman, Boris AHansell, Narelle KHarris, Mathew AHarrison, Marc BHaswell, Courtney CHauser, MichaelHerms, StefanHeslenfeld, Dirk JHo, New FeiHoehn, DavidHoffmann, PerHolleran, LaurenaHoogman, MartineHottenga, Jouke-JanIkeda, MasashiJanowitz, DeborahJansen, Iris EJia, TianyeJockwitz, ChristianeKanai, RyotaKarama, SherifKasperaviciute, DaliaKaufmann, TobiasKelly, SineadKikuchi, MasatakaKlein, MariekeKnapp, MichaelKnodt, Annchen RKrämer, BerndLam, MaxLancaster, Thomas MLee, Phil HLett, Tristram ALewis, Lindsay BLopes-Cendes, IsciaLuciano, MichelleMacciardi, FabioMarquand, Andre FMathias, Samuel RMelzer, Tracy RMilaneschi, YuriMirza-Schreiber, NazaninMoreira, Jose C VMühleisen, Thomas WMüller-Myhsok, BertramNajt, PabloNakahara, SoichiroNho, KwangsikOlde Loohuis, Loes MOrfanos, Dimitri PapadopoulosPearson, John FPitcher, Toni LPütz, BennoQuidé, YannRagothaman, AnjanibhargaviRashid, Faisal MReay, William RRedlich, RonnyReinbold, Céline SRepple, JonathanRichard, GenevièveRiedel, Brandalyn CRisacher, Shannon LRocha, Cristiane SMota, Nina RothSalminen, LaurenSaremi, ArvinSaykin, Andrew JSchlag, FenjaSchmaal, LianneSchofield, Peter RSecolin, RodrigoShapland, Chin YangShen, LiShin, JeanShumskaya, ElenaSønderby, Ida ESprooten, EmmaTansey, Katherine ETeumer, AlexanderThalamuthu, AnbupalamTordesillas-Gutiérrez, DianaTurner, Jessica AUhlmann, AnneVallerga, Costanza Ludovicavan der Meer, Dennisvan Donkelaar, Marjolein M Jvan Eijk, Lizavan Erp, Theo G Mvan Haren, Neeltje E Mvan Rooij, Daanvan Tol, Marie-JoséVeldink, Jan HVerhoef, EllenWalton, EstherWang, MingyuanWang, YunpengWardlaw, Joanna MWen, WeiWestlye, Lars TWhelan, Christopher DWitt, Stephanie HWittfeld, KatharinaWolf, ChristianeWolfers, ThomasWu, Jing QinYasuda, Clarissa LZaremba, DarioZhang, ZuoZwiers, Marcel PArtiges, EricAssareh, Amelia AAyesa-Arriola, RosaBelger, AysenilBrandt, Christine LBrown, Gregory GCichon, SvenCurran, Joanne EDavies, Gareth EDegenhardt, FranziskaDennis, Michelle FDietsche, BrunoDjurovic, SrdjanDoherty, Colin PEspiritu, RyanGarijo, DanielGil, YolandaGowland, Penny AGreen, Robert CHäusler, Alexander NHeindel, WalterHo, Beng-ChoonHoffmann, Wolfgang UHolsboer, FlorianHomuth, GeorgHosten, NorbertJack, Clifford RJang, MiHyunJansen, AndreasKimbrel, Nathan AKolskår, KnutKoops, SanneKrug, AxelLim, Kelvin OLuykx, Jurjen JMathalon, Daniel HMather, Karen AMattay, Venkata SMatthews, SarahMayoral Van Son, JaquelineMcEwen, Sarah CMelle, IngridMorris, Derek WMueller, Bryon ANauck, MatthiasNordvik, Jan ENöthen, Markus MO'Leary, Daniel SOpel, NilsMartinot, Marie-Laure PaillèrePike, G BrucePreda, AdrianQuinlan, Erin BRasser, Paul ERatnakar, VarunReppermund, SimoneSteen, Vidar MTooney, Paul ATorres, Fábio RVeltman, Dick JVoyvodic, James TWhelan, RobertWhite, TonyaYamamori, HidenagaAdams, Hieab H HBis, Joshua CDebette, StephanieDecarli, CharlesFornage, MyriamGudnason, VilmundurHofer, EdithIkram, M ArfanLauner, LenoreLongstreth, W TLopez, Oscar LMazoyer, BernardMosley, Thomas HRoshchupkin, Gennady VSatizabal, Claudia LSchmidt, ReinholdSeshadri, SudhaYang, QiongAlzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging InitiativeCHARGE ConsortiumEPIGEN ConsortiumIMAGEN ConsortiumSYS ConsortiumParkinson’s Progression Markers InitiativeAlvim, Marina K MAmes, DavidAnderson, Tim JAndreassen, Ole AArias-Vasquez, AlejandroBastin, Mark EBaune, Bernhard TBeckham, Jean CBlangero, JohnBoomsma, Dorret IBrodaty, HenryBrunner, Han GBuckner, Randy LBuitelaar, Jan KBustillo, Juan RCahn, WiepkeCairns, Murray JCalhoun, VinceCarr, Vaughan JCaseras, XavierCaspers, SvenjaCavalleri, Gianpiero LCendes, FernandoCorvin, AidenCrespo-Facorro, BenedictoDalrymple-Alford, John CDannlowski, Udode Geus, Eco J CDeary, Ian JDelanty, NormanDepondt, ChantalDesrivières, SylvaneDonohoe, GaryEspeseth, ThomasFernández, GuillénFisher, Simon EFlor, HertaForstner, Andreas JFrancks, ClydeFranke, BarbaraGlahn, David CGollub, Randy LGrabe, Hans JGruber, OliverHåberg, Asta KHariri, Ahmad RHartman, Catharina AHashimoto, RyotaHeinz, AndreasHenskens, Frans AHillegers, Manon H JHoekstra, Pieter JHolmes, Avram JHong, L ElliotHopkins, William DHulshoff Pol, Hilleke EJernigan, Terry LJönsson, Erik GKahn, René SKennedy, Martin AKircher, Tilo T JKochunov, PeterKwok, John B JLe Hellard, StephanieLoughland, Carmel MMartin, Nicholas GMartinot, Jean-LucMcDonald, ColmMcMahon, Katie LMeyer-Lindenberg, AndreasMichie, Patricia TMorey, Rajendra AMowry, BryanNyberg, LarsOosterlaan, JaapOphoff, Roel APantelis, ChristosPaus, TomasPausova, ZdenkaPenninx, Brenda W J HPolderman, Tinca J CPosthuma, DanielleRietschel, MarcellaRoffman, Joshua LRowland, Laura MSachdev, Perminder SSämann, Philipp GSchall, UlrichSchumann, GunterScott, Rodney JSim, KangSisodiya, Sanjay MSmoller, Jordan WSommer, Iris ESt Pourcain, BeateStein, Dan JToga, Arthur WTrollor, Julian NVan der Wee, Nic J Avan 't Ent, DennisVölzke, HenryWalter, HenrikWeber, BerndWeinberger, Daniel RWright, Margaret JZhou, JuanStein, Jason LThompson, Paul MMedland, Sarah EEnhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis Consortium (ENIGMA)—Genetics working group2025-01-072025-01-072020https://hdl.handle.net/10668/27761The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.enAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityBrain MappingCerebral CortexCognitionGenetic LociGenetic VariationGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingOrgan SizeParkinson Diseaseresearch article32193296open access10.1126/science.aay66901095-9203PMC7295264http://www.bristol.ac.uk/alspac/external/documents/grant-acknowledgements.pdfhttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7295264/pdf