Escribano-Romero, EstelaJiménez de Oya, NereidaCamacho, María-CruzBlázquez, Ana-BelénMartín-Acebes, Miguel A.Risalde, Maria A.Muriel, LauraSaiz, Juan-CarlosHöfle, Ursula2022-08-302022-08-302021-07-20Escribano-Romero E, Jiménez de Oya N, Camacho MC, Blázquez AB, Martín-Acebes MA, Risalde MA, et al. Previous Usutu Virus Exposure Partially Protects Magpies (Pica pica) against West Nile Virus Disease But Does Not Prevent Horizontal Transmission. Viruses. 2021 Jul 20;13(7):1409http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3966The mosquito-borne flaviviruses USUV and WNV are known to co-circulate in large parts of Europe. Both are a public health concern, and USUV has been the cause of epizootics in both wild and domestic birds, and neurological cases in humans in Europe. Here, we explore the susceptibility of magpies to experimental USUV infection, and how previous exposure to USUV would affect infection with WNV. None of the magpies exposed to USUV showed clinical signs, viremia, or detectable neutralizing antibodies. After challenge with a neurovirulent WNV strain, neither viremia, viral titer of WNV in vascular feathers, nor neutralizing antibody titers of previously USUV-exposed magpies differed significantly with respect to magpies that had not previously been exposed to USUV. However, 75% (6/8) of the USUV-exposed birds survived, while only 22.2% (2/9) of those not previously exposed to USUV survived. WNV antigen labeling by immunohistochemistry in tissues was less evident and more restricted in magpies exposed to USUV prior to challenge with WNV. Our data indicate that previous exposure to USUV partially protects magpies against a lethal challenge with WNV, while it does not prevent viremia and direct transmission, although the mechanism is unclear. These results are relevant for flavivirus ecology and contention.enAtribución 4.0 InternacionalAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Avian hostFlavivirusesCo-infectionCross-protectionUsutu virusWest Nile virusMagpieAdaptación al huéspedCoinfecciónProtección cruzadaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::AnimalsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Antibodies, ViralMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Animal Diseases::Bird DiseasesMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Immune System Phenomena::Immunity::Cross ProtectionMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Disease Transmission, InfectiousMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Viruses::RNA Viruses::Flaviviridae::FlavivirusMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Flaviviridae Infections::Flavivirus InfectionsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Birds::PasseriformesMedical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::SpainMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Virus Diseases::Arbovirus Infections::Encephalitis, Arbovirus::West Nile FeverMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Viruses::RNA Viruses::Flaviviridae::Flavivirus::Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese::West Nile virusresearch article34372622open access10.3390/v130714091999-4915PMC8310384