Munoz-Hernando, LeticiaOliver-Perez, ReyesBravo-Violeta, VictoriaOlloqui, AlejandroParte-Izquierdo, BelenAlmansa-Gonzalez, CristinaBermejo-Martinez, RocioBolivar-De Miguel, Ana BelenDiez, AlvaroSeoane-Ruiz, Jose MiguelParrilla-Rubio, LuciaTejerizo-Garcia, Alvaro2023-05-032023-05-032022-11-01http://hdl.handle.net/10668/21391Background: Women living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), WLWHs, are at high risk of developing anal cancer associated with high-risk human papilloma virus infection (HR-HPV). We analyzed the prevalence of anal HR-HPV infection and abnormal anal cytology in a cohort of WLWHs and assessed the risk factors for anal HR-HPV infection. Methods: We present a single-center, observational cross-sectional study. WLWHs who underwent anal cytology and anal human papilloma virus (HPV) testing were selected. High-resolution anoscopy was performed in cases of abnormal anal cytology. All suspicious lesions were biopsied. A univariate and multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors for abnormal anal screening. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, 400 WLWHs were studied. Of them, 334 met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. Abnormal anal cytology was detected in 39.5% of patients, and anal HR-HPV in 40.1%, with HPV 16 in 33 (26.6%) of them. Concomitant HR-HPV cervical infection was the only independent risk factor for HR-HPV anal infection (OR 1.67 95% CI, penAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/human papillomavirusHPVscreeninganalhuman immunodeficiency virusHIVwomenSquamous intraepithelial lesionsCancerTerminologyHpvresearch articleopen access10.3390/jpm121117782075-4426https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/12/11/1778/pdf?version=1666945912881173700001