Martin-Piedra, Miguel-AngelGironés-Camarasa, BelénEspaña-López, AntonioFernández-Valadés Gámez, RicardoBlanco-Elices, CristinaGarzón, IngridAlaminos, MiguelFernández-Valadés, Ricardo2022-09-282022-09-282021-11-15Martin-Piedra MA, Gironés-Camarasa B, España-López A, Fernández-Valadés Gámez R, Blanco-Elices C, Garzón I, et al. Usefulness of a Nanostructured Fibrin-Agarose Bone Substitute in a Model of Severely Critical Mandible Bone Defect. Polymers. 2021 Nov 15;13(22):3939.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4171Critical defects of the mandibular bone are very difficult to manage with currently available materials and technology. In the present work, we generated acellular and cellular substitutes for human bone by tissue engineering using nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials, with and without adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated to the osteogenic lineage using inductive media. Then, these substitutes were evaluated in an immunodeficient animal model of severely critical mandibular bone damage in order to assess the potential of the bioartificial tissues to enable bone regeneration. The results showed that the use of a cellular bone substitute was associated with a morpho-functional improvement of maxillofacial structures as compared to negative controls. Analysis of the defect site showed that none of the study groups fully succeeded in generating dense bone tissue at the regeneration area. However, the use of a cellular substitute was able to improve the density of the regenerated tissue (as determined via CT radiodensity) and form isolated islands of bone and cartilage. Histologically, the regenerated bone islands were comparable to control bone for alizarin red and versican staining, and superior to control bone for toluidine blue and osteocalcin in animals grafted with the cellular substitute. Although these results are preliminary, cellular fibrin-agarose bone substitutes show preliminary signs of usefulness in this animal model of severely critical mandibular bone defect.enAtribución 4.0 InternacionalAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/BoneTissue engineeringFibrin-agaroseMandibleRegenerationBone substitutesOsteocalcinBone regenerationHuesosIngeniería de tejidosFibrinaMandíbulaSustitutos de huesosOsteocalcinaRegeneración óseaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::AnimalsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biomedical and Dental Materials::Biocompatible Materials::Bone SubstitutesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Carrier Proteins::Calcium-Binding Proteins::OsteocalcinMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Polysaccharides::SepharoseMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Sulfur Compounds::Phenothiazines::Tolonium ChlorideMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Polysaccharides::Proteoglycans::Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans::VersicansMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Culture Techniques::Cell Engineering::Tissue EngineeringMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena::Musculoskeletal Physiological Processes::Bone Remodeling::Bone RegenerationMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::Skeleton::Bone and BonesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Imaging::Tomography::Tomography, X-Ray::Tomography, X-Ray ComputedMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Animal Diseases::Disease Models, AnimalMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Musculoskeletal System::CartilageMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Clinical Laboratory Techniques::Cytological Techniques::Histocytological Preparation Techniques::Staining and LabelingMedical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Technology, Industry, and Agriculture::Technologyresearch article34833238open access10.3390/polym132239392073-4360PMC8618832