Elósegui, Jesús Joaquín HijonaTorices, María Soledad SánchezRísquez, Ana Cristina FernándezMontes, Juan Francisco ExpósitoGarcía, Antonio Luis Carballo2023-05-032023-05-032022-07-15http://hdl.handle.net/10668/21921Although infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is mainly considered a sexually transmitted disease, newborns exposed to the virus in the perinatal period can also be infected through mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. The aim of our study was to increase our understanding of neonatal oropharyngeal infection by HPV, trying to establish its frequency, mechanisms of infection and persistence through age 2 years. We conducted a prospective, observational and descriptive study in a cohort of neonates born vaginally whose mothers carried HPV in the lower genital tract at the time of delivery. Tests for detection of HPV in amniotic fluid, venous cord blood and oropharyngeal secretions were performed in every neonate, and we conducted microbiological follow-up of infants colonized by HPV up to age 2 years. The prevalence of oropharyngeal colonization at birth was 58.24%. In the 24-month follow-up, the proportions of clearance and persistence of HPV in the oropharynx were 94.34% and 5.66%, respectively. The results of this case series suggest that neonatal oropharyngeal colonization by HPV, while frequent in the postpartum period, is usually a self-limited process, and the main mechanism of infection transvaginal intrapartum vertical transmission. Although colonization in most neonates is transient and asymptomatic, the clinical significance of persistent carriage remains unknown.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Human papillomavirusOrofaringeOropharynxPerinatalTransmisión verticalVertical transmissionVirus del papiloma humanoAlphapapillomavirusChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornOropharynxPapillomaviridaePapillomavirus InfectionsPregnancyProspective Studiesresearch article35850963open access10.1016/j.anpede.2021.12.0022341-2879https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anpede.2021.12.002