Mena-Vázquez, NataliaRojas-Gimenez, MartaRomero-Barco, Carmen MaríaManrique-Arija, SaraFrancisco, EspildoraAguilar-Hurtado, María CarmenAñón-Oñate, IsabelPérez-Albaladejo, LorenaOrtega-Castro, RafaelaGodoy-Navarrete, Francisco JavierUreña-Garnica, InmaculadaVelloso-Feijoo, Maria LuisaRedondo-Rodriguez, RocioJimenez-Núñez, Francisco GabrielPanero Lamothe, BlancaPadin-Martín, María IsabelFernández-Nebro, Antonio2025-01-072025-01-072021-02-202077-0383https://hdl.handle.net/10668/26503To describe a prospective cohort of patients with rheumatoid arthritis associated with interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) and identify risk factors associated with disease progression and mortality in this cohort. We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational study of patients with RA-ILD receiving disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) between 2015 and 2020. The patients were assessed using high-resolution computed tomography and pulmonary function tests at baseline and at 60 months. The main endpoint was "Progression to ILD at the end of follow-up" in terms of the following outcomes: (1) improvement (i.e., improvement in forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥10% or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥15% and absence of radiological progression); (2) nonprogression (stabilization or improvement in FVC ≤10% or diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) 10% or DLCO >15% and radiological progression); or (4) death. We recorded demographic and clinical characteristics, lung function, and the incidence of adverse events. A Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with the worsening of ILD. After 60 months, lung disease had stabilized in 66 patients (56.9%), improved in 9 (7.8%), and worsened in 23 (19.8%). Eighteen patients (15.5%) died, with a mean survival of 71.8 (1.9) months after diagnosis of ILD. The Cox multivariate analysis revealed the independent predictors of worsening of RA-ILD to be usual interstitial pneumonia (hazard ratio (HR), 2.6 (95%CI, 1.0-6.7)), FVC Lung function is stable in most patients with RA-ILD receiving treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), although one-third worsened or died. Identifying factors associated with worsening in RA-ILD is important for clinical management.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/biologicsinterstitial lung diseasenon-anti-TNF biologicsrheumatoid arthritisresearch article33672699open access10.3390/jcm10040874PMC7924396https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/4/874/pdf?version=1614242647https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7924396/pdf