Verdejo-García, AntonioVilar-López, RaquelPérez-García, MiguelPodell, KennethGoldberg, Elkhonon2012-12-102012-12-102006-01Verdejo-García A, Vilar-López R, Pérez-García M, Podell K, Goldberg E. Altered adaptive but not veridical decision-making in substance dependent individuals. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2006 ; 12(1):90-91355-6177http://hdl.handle.net/10668/701Clinical Trial; Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;Drug addiction is associated with impaired judgment in unstructured situations in which success depends on self-regulation of behavior according to internal goals (adaptive decision-making). However most executive measures are aimed at assessing decision-making in structured scenarios, in which success is determined by external criteria inherent to the situation (veridical decision-making). The aim of this study was to examine the performance of Substance Abusers (SA, n = 97) and Healthy Comparison participants (HC, n = 81) in two behavioral tasks that mimic the uncertainty inherent in real-life decision-making: the Cognitive Bias Task (CB) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) (administered only to SA). A related goal was to study the interdependence between performances on both tasks. We conducted univariate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) to contrast the decision-making performance of both groups; and used correlation analyses to study the relationship between both tasks. SA showed a marked context-independent decision-making strategy on the CB's adaptive condition, but no differences were found on the veridical conditions in a subsample of SA (n = 34) and HC (n = 22). A high percentage of SA (75%) also showed impaired performance on the IGT. Both tasks were only correlated when no impaired participants were selected. Results indicate that SA show abnormal decision-making performance in unstructured situations, but not in veridical situations.enPrefrontal cortexAddictive behaviorDecision-makingGambling taskCognitive bias taskNeuropsychological testsAdolescenteAdultoEnfermedad CrónicaCogniciónToma de DecisionesFemeninoJuego de AzarHumanosMasculinoMediana EdadPruebas NeuropsicológicasEscalas de Valoración PsiquiátricaCaracteres SexualesTrastornos Relacionados con SustanciasAdaptación PsicológicaMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::AdolescentMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::AdultMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Chronic DiseaseMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::CognitionMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Psychological Phenomena and Processes::Mental Processes::Thinking::Decision MakingMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Risk-Taking::GamblingMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle AgedMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::Neuropsychological TestsMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Sex CharacteristicsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Substance-Related DisordersMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Adaptation, Psychologicalresearch article16433948open access10.1017/S13556177060601271469-7661