Quesada, AndrésSegarra, Ana BelénMontoro-Molina, Sebastiánde Gracia, María Del CarmenOsuna, AntonioO'Valle, FranciscoGómez-Guzmán, ManuelVargas, FélixWangensteen, Rosemary2017-05-302017-05-302017-04-11Quesada A, Segarra AB, Montoro-Molina S, de Gracia MD, Osuna A, O'Valle F, et al. Glutamyl aminopeptidase in microvesicular and exosomal fractions of urine is related with renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats.PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175462.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2689PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to investigate if the content of glutamyl aminopeptidase (GluAp) in microvesicular and exosomal fractions of urine is related with renal dysfunction in cisplatin-treated rats. METHODS: Urine samples were collected 24 hours after injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg, n = 10) or saline serum (n = 10), and they were subjected to differential centrifugation at 1.000, 17.000 and 200.000 g to obtain microvesicular and exosomal fractions. GluAp was measured with a commercial ELISA kit in both fractions. Serum creatinine (SCr) and body weight were measured 15 days after treatment. We analyzed if early excretion of GluAp in microsomal and exosomal fractions was correlated with final SCr and body weight increase. In a second experiment, enzymatic activities of GluAp and alanyl aminopeptidase (AlaAp) in urine, microvesicular and exosomal fractions were measured three days after injection. We analyzed the correlation of both markers with SCr determined at this point. Finally, we studied the expression of GluAp and extracellular vesicles markers Alix and tumor susceptibility gene (TSG101) in both fractions by immunoblotting. RESULTS: GluAp excretion was increased in all fractions of urine after cisplatin treatment, even if data were normalized per mg of creatinine, per body weight or per total protein content of each fraction. We found significant predictive correlations with SCr concentration, and inverse correlations with body weight increase determined 15 days later. Three days after injection, aminopeptidasic activities were markedly increased in all fractions of urine in cisplatin-treated rats. The highest correlation coefficient with SCr was found for GluAp in microvesicular fraction. Increase of GluAp in microvesicular and exosomal fractions from cisplatin-treated rats was confirmed by immunoblotting. Alix and TSG101 showed different patterns of expression in each fraction. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of GluAp content or its enzymatic activity in microvesicular and exosomal fractions of urine is an early and predictive biomarker of renal dysfunction in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Measurement of GluAp in these fractions can serve to detect proximal tubular damage independently of glomerular filtration status.enAnimalesAntígenos CD13Peso corporalCentrifugaciónCisplatinoCreatininaTécnicas para inmunoenzimasEspacio extracelularGlutamil aminopeptidasaPruebas de función renalNeoplasiasRatasAumento de pesoMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::AnimalsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Peptide Hydrolases::Exopeptidases::Aminopeptidases::Antigens, CD13Medical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body WeightMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::CentrifugationMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Inorganic Chemicals::Chlorine Compounds::CisplatinMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Heterocyclic Compounds::Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring::Azoles::Imidazoles::CreatinineMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::Immunoassay::Immunoenzyme TechniquesMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Extracellular SpaceMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Hydrolases::Peptide Hydrolases::Exopeptidases::Aminopeptidases::Glutamyl AminopeptidaseMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Immunologic Techniques::Immunoassay::ImmunoblottingMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Diagnostic Techniques, Urological::Kidney Function TestsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Rodentia::Muridae::Murinae::RatsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Growth and Development::Growth::Body Size::Body Weight::Body Weight Changes::Weight Gainresearch article28399178open access10.1371/journal.pone.01754621932-6203