Marquez-Coello, MercedesRuiz-Sanchez, CristinaMartin-Aspas, AndresFernandez Gutierrez Del alamo, ClotildeIllanes-Alvarez, FranciscoCuesta-Sancho, SaraGiron-Gonzalez, Jose-Antonio2025-01-072025-01-072021-12-171664-3224https://hdl.handle.net/10668/25216ObjectiveEvaluate the expression of B and T cell immunomodulatory molecules in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in HIV-infected patients. MethodsHIV load, bacterial translocation and neutrophils' expression of T [programmed death ligand, interleukin-10+, arginase 1+] and B [BAFF, APRIL] molecules were analyzed in different cohorts and time points: a control group of 25 healthy individuals and two groups of HIV-infected patients. Group 1 of patients included 35 untreated patients, studied at baseline and after antiretroviral therapy (ART). Group 2 was composed of 25 patients with undetectable viral load after a median of 101 months of ART prior to inclusion in the study. ResultsCompared with the control group, group 1 patients showed increased bacterial translocation and their PMN had a significantly higher expression of T and B-cell immunomodulatory molecules, both at baseline and after 12 months of ART. Group 2 patients showed reduced bacterial translocation levels when compared with group 1 patients after 12 months of treatment. PMN expression of B-cell modulators was similar between group 2 patients and healthy controls, although the expression of T-cell modulators remained increased. ConclusionIn HIV-infected patients, the expression of B-cell stimulatory and T-cell suppressive molecules by neutrophils was increased at baseline and after a limited time of therapy. After a prolonged period of ART, only PMNs expression of T-cell immunosuppressive molecules remained elevated.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/HIVneutrophilsBAFFAPRILbacterial translocationinterleukinsarginase-1PDL-1Immune activationMicrobial translocationCellsInnateIl-10research article34975826open access10.3389/fimmu.2021.670966https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.670966/pdf738476600001