Huertas-Castaño, CarlosGómez-Muñoz, María A.Pardal, RicardoVega, Francisco M.2022-07-082022-07-082019-12-19Huertas-Castaño C, Gómez-Muñoz MA, Pardal R, Vega FM. Hypoxia in the Initiation and Progression of Neuroblastoma Tumours. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Dec 19;21(1):39http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3768Neuroblastoma is the most frequent extracranial solid tumour in children, causing 10% of all paediatric oncology deaths. It arises in the embryonic neural crest due to an uncontrolled behaviour of sympathetic nervous system progenitors, giving rise to heterogeneous tumours. Low local or systemic tissue oxygen concentration has emerged as a cellular stimulus with important consequences for tumour initiation, evolution and progression. In neuroblastoma, several evidences point towards a role of hypoxia in tumour initiation during development, tumour cell differentiation, survival and metastatic spreading. However, the heterogeneous nature of the disease, its developmental origin and the lack of suitable experimental models have complicated a clear understanding of the effect of hypoxia in neuroblastoma tumour progression and the molecular mechanisms implicated. In this review, we have compiled available evidences to try to shed light onto this important field. In particular, we explore the effect of hypoxia in neuroblastoma cell transformation and differentiation. We also discuss the experimental models available and the emerging alternatives to study this problem, and we present hypoxia-related therapeutic avenues being explored in the field.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/NeuroblastomaHypoxiaNeural crest cellsCancer stem cellsPaediatric oncologyHipoxiaCresta neuralCélulas madre neoplásicasOncología médicaPediatríaHipoxia tumoralMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell DifferentiationMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::ChildMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Disease ProgressionMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplastic Processes::Neoplasm MetastasisMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial::Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial::Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive::Neuroectodermal Tumors, Primitive, Peripheral::NeuroblastomaMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Base Sequence::Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid::Gene Regulatory NetworksMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Internal Medicine::Medical OncologyMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::PediatricsMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Embryonic Structures::Neural CrestMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cell Physiological Processes::Cell Respiration::Cell HypoxiaMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Models, Theoreticalreview article31861671open access10.3390/ijms210100391422-0067PMC6982287