Neukam, KarinViciana, PompeyoOjeda-Burgos, GuillermoDelgado-Fernández, MarcialRíos, María JMacías, JuanMerino, DoloresCollado, AntonioTéllez, FranciscoPineda, Juan A2016-11-112016-11-112016-09-15Neukam K, Viciana P, Ojeda-Burgos G, Delgado-Fernández M, Ríos MJ, Macías J, et al. No evidence of firstly acquired acute hepatitis C virus infection outbreak among HIV-infected patients from Southern Spain: a multicentric retrospective study from 2000-2014. BMC Infect Dis.. 2016; 16:489http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2513Journal Article;BACKGROUND Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (AHCVI) outbreaks have been described recently within defined areas worldwide among HIV-infected homosexual men. This study aims to describe the cumulative frequency and incidence of firstly acquired AHCVI in an HIV-infected population in Southern Spain. METHODS This is a retrospective study conducted at the Infectious Diseases Units of eight hospitals in Andalusia, Southern Spain. Primary AHC was considered as HCV immunoglobulin G antibody seroconversion. The time of infection was considered the moment between the last negative and the first positive HCV antibody determination. RESULTS A total of 23 cases of primary AHCVI have been detected from 2000 to 2014. Incidence rates [IR; 95 % confidence interval (CI)] were 0.036 (2.272-0.054) per 100 person-years (py) in the overall population over a follow-up period of 64170 py. Of the 22 (95.7 %) male subjects, 21 (95.5 %) had acquired AHCVI by homosexual contact, the IR (95 % CI) was 0.039 (0.024-0.06) per 100 py in this subpopulation. There was no evidence of an increase of AHCVI IR. The incidence of AHCVI was slightly lower between 2000 and 2004 as compared to 2005-2009 [IR ratio (IRR) of 8.8 (95 % CI: 1.279-378.794; p = 0.01)] but reached a plateau afterwards [IRR between 2010 and 2014 versus 2005-2009: 0.727 (0.286-1.848; p = 0.5)]. The median (Q1-Q3) time between the last negative anti-HCV and the first positive anti-HCV determination was 4.7 (1.9-11.2) months. Peak (Q1-Q3) ALT and total bilirubin values during AHCVI were 496 (291-656) IU/mL and 1.15 (0.9-1.98) mg/dL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to what has been reported from other areas, the incidence of primary AHCVI in the HIV-infected population is stable in Southern Spain and there is no evidence of an epidemic, in spite of the high prevalence of HIV/HCV-coinfection in this area.enHepatitis CHIVHomosexualityEpidemicsInjecting drug useInfectious diseasesBilirrubinaCoinfecciónIntervalos de confianzaEpidemiasEstudios de seguimientoInfecciones por VihHomosexualidadHepatitis cInmunoglobulina GIncidenciaMasculinoPrevalenciaEstudios retrospectivosEspañaSeroconversiónMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Pigments, Biological::Bile Pigments::BilirubinMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Virus Diseases::CoinfectionMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Confidence IntervalsMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Disease Outbreaks::EpidemicsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Follow-Up StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes::HIV InfectionsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Viruses::Hepatitis Viruses::HepacivirusMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Globulins::Serum Globulins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::Immunoglobulin Isotypes::Immunoglobulin GMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::IncidenceMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::PrevalenceMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Retrospective StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Europe::SpainMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Immune System Phenomena::Immune System Processes::Seroconversionresearch article27634297open access10.1186/s12879-016-1826-21471-2334PMC5025585