Cabezudo-García, PabloMena-Vázquez, NataliaCiano-Petersen, Nicolás L.García-Martín, GuillerminaEstivill-Torrús, GuillermoSerrano-Castro, Pedro J.2022-11-092022-11-092021-03-19Cabezudo-García P, Mena-Vázquez N, Ciano-Petersen NL, García-Martín G, Estivill-Torrús G, Serrano-Castro PJ. Prevalence of Neural Autoantibodies in Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci. 2021 Mar 19;11(3):392.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4349Background: The prevalence of neural autoantibodies in epilepsy of unknown etiology varies among studies. We aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the pooled global prevalence and the prevalence for each antibody. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for studies that included prospectively patients ≥16 years old with epilepsy of unknown etiology and systematically determined neural autoantibodies. A meta-analysis was undertaken to estimate pooled prevalence in total patients with a positive result for at least one neural autoantibody in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and for each autoantibody. Results: Ten of the eleven studies that met the inclusion criteria and a total of 1302 patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology were included in themeta-analysis. The global pooled prevalence (IC95%) was 7.6% (4.6–11.2) in a total of 82 patients with a positive result for any neural autoantibody. None of the controls available in the studies had a positive result. Individual pooled prevalence for each autoantibody was: glycine receptor (GlyR) (3.2%), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) (1.9%), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) (1.8%), leucine-rich glioma inactivated-1 protein (LGI1) (1.1%), contactin-2-associated protein (CASPR2) (0.6%) and onconeuronal (0.2%). Conclusions: The pooled prevalence of neural autoantibodies in patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology is small but not irrelevant. None of the controls had a positive result. There was high heterogeneity among studies. In the future, a homogeneous protocol for testing neural autoantibodies is recommended.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/EpilepsyAutoimmune epilepsyAntibodiesAutoantibodiesNeural autoantibodiesPrevalenceGlutamic acid decarboxylaseGlycine receptorEpilepsiaAnticuerposAutoanticuerposPrevalenciaGlutamato descarboxilasaReceptores de glicinaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::AdolescentMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Lyases::Carbon-Carbon Lyases::Carboxy-Lyases::Glutamate DecarboxylaseMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Carrier Proteins::Membrane Transport Proteins::Ion Channels::Ligand-Gated Ion Channels::Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate::Receptors, N-Methyl-D-AspartateMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Carrier Proteins::Membrane Transport Proteins::Ion Channels::Chloride Channels::Receptors, GlycineMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Amino Acids::Amino Acids, Branched-Chain::LeucineMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::PrevalenceMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::EpilepsyMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Blood Proteins::Immunoproteins::Immunoglobulins::Antibodies::AutoantibodiesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Glycoproteins::Membrane Glycoproteins::Cell Adhesion Molecules::Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal::ContactinsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms, Nerve Tissue::Neuroectodermal Tumors::Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial::GliomaMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Meta-Analysis as Topicreview article33808902open access10.3390/brainsci110303922076-3425PMC8003737