Cantón-Habas, VanesaRich-Ruiz, ManuelMoreno-Casbas, María TeresaRamírez-Expósito, María JesúsMartínez-Martos, Jose ManuelCarrera-González, María Del Pilar2025-01-072025-01-072021-04-012077-0383https://hdl.handle.net/10668/25809The pain assessment in advanced dementia (PAINAD) appears to be a clinically useful tool. However, the salivary determination of tumor necrosis factor receptor type II (sTNF-RII) and secretory IgA (sIgA) as pain biomarkers is still incipient. The aim was to correlate the PAINAD score with sTNF-RII and sIgA biomarker levels in the saliva of patients with advanced dementia. In this regard, a cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 75 elderly patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia and a global deterioration scale (GDS) score of 5 to 7. The PAINAD scale was determined by a previously trained professional and the collection of salivary samples was performed using the passive secretion method. Human sTNF-RII and sIgA using ELISA kits. The results showed a correlation between the PAINAD scale (numeric, binary, and recoded) and sTNF-RII and sIgA (p 0.05). Between 97.3% and 96.2% of patients with pain on the PAINAD scale also showed pain based on the sTNF-RII levels; in all of them, sIgA levels did not fit the logistic models. Therefore, the correlation highlights the usefulness of this scale and confirms the usefulness of sTNF-RII and sIgA as biomarkers of pain.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/biomarkersdementianursingpainpain assessment in advanced dementia (PAINAD)research article33915996open access10.3390/jcm10071424PMC8037327https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/7/1424/pdf?version=1617939162https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8037327/pdf