Hernáez, ÁlvaroLassale, CamilleCastro-Barquero, SaraBabio, NancyRos, EmilioCastañer, OlgaTresserra-Rimbau, AnnaPintó, XavierMartínez-González, Miguel ÁngelCorella, DoloresSalas-Salvadó, JordiAlonso-Gómez, Ángel MLapetra, JoséFiol, MiquelGómez-Gracia, EnriqueSerra-Majem, LluisSacanella, EmilioGarcía-Arellano, AnaSorlí, José VDíaz-López, AndrésCofán, MontserratEstruch, Ramón2023-02-092023-02-092021-06-02Hernáez Á, Lassale C, Castro-Barquero S, Babio N,Ros E, Castañer O, et al. Mediterranean Diet and White Blood Cell Count-A Randomized Controlled Trial. Foods. 2021;10(6):1268. Published 2021 Jun 2.2304-8158http://hdl.handle.net/10668/18074We aimed to assess the effects of the antioxidant-rich Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on white blood cell count. Our study population included participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea study (average age 67 years old, 58% women, high cardiovascular risk). We assessed whether a MedDiet intervention enriched in extra-virgin olive oil or nuts, versus a low-fat control diet, modified the incidence of leukocytosis (>11 × 109 leukocytes/L), mild leukopenia (<4.5 × 109 leukocytes/L), or severe leukopenia (<3.5 × 109 leukocytes/L) in individuals without the condition at baseline (n = 3190, n = 2925, and n = 3190, respectively). We also examined whether MedDiet modified the association between leukocyte count alterations and all-cause mortality. Both MedDiet interventions were associated with a lower risk of developing leukopenia (incidence rates: 5.06% in control diet, 3.29% in MedDiet groups combined; hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.54 [0.36-0.80]) and severe leukopenia (incidence rates: 1.26% in control diet, 0.46% in MedDiet groups combined; hazard ratio: 0.25 [0.10-0.60]). High cumulative adherence to a MedDiet was linked to lower risk of leukocytosis (incidence rates: 2.08% in quartile 1, 0.65% in quartile 4; HRQ4-Q1: 0.29 [0.085-0.99]) and attenuated the association between leukopenia and all-cause mortality (P-interaction = 0.032). In brief, MedDiet decreased the incidence of white blood cell count-related alterations in high cardiovascular risk individuals.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Mediterranean dietleukocytosisleukopeniapreventionrandomized controlled trialwhite blood cell countDiet, MediterraneanOlive OilLeukocytosisCardiovascular DiseasesLeukopeniaLeukocyte DisordersLeukocytesLeukocyte CountHeart Disease Risk Factorsresearch article34199545open accessLeucopeniaLeucocitosDietaLeucocitosisMortalidadFactores de Riesgo de Enfermedad CardiacaDieta MediterráneaAceite de Oliva10.3390/foods10061268PMC8227102https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/10/6/1268/pdf?version=1623080007https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8227102/pdf