Coiffard, BenjaminPrud'Homme, EloiHraiech, SamiCassir, NadimLe Pavec, JérômeKessler, RomainMeloni, FedericaLeone, MarcThomas, Pascal AlexandreReynaud-Gaubert, MartinePapazian, Laurent2025-01-072025-01-072020-04-29https://hdl.handle.net/10668/25453Infection is the most common cause of mortality within the first year after lung transplantation (LTx). The management of perioperative antibiotic therapy is a major issue, but little is known about worldwide practices. We sent by email a survey dealing with 5 daily clinical vignettes concerning perioperative antibiotic therapy to 180 LTx centers around the world. The invitation and a weekly reminder were sent to lung transplant specialists for a single consensus answer per center during a 3-month period. We received a total of 99 responses from 24 countries, mostly from Western Europe (n = 46) and the USA (n = 34). Systematic screening for bronchial recipient colonization before LTx was mostly performed with sputum samples (72%), regardless of the underlying lung disease. In recipients without colonization, antibiotics with activity against gram-negative bacteria resistant strains (piperacillin / tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, carbapenems) were reported in 72% of the centers, and antibiotics with activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mainly vancomycin) were reported in 38% of the centers. For these recipients, the duration of antibiotics reported was 7 days (33%) or less (26%) or stopped when cultures of donor and recipients were reported negatives (12%). In recipients with previous colonization, antibiotics were adapted to the susceptibility of the most resistant strain and given for at least 14 days (67%). Practices vary widely around the world, but resistant bacterial strains are mostly targeted even if no colonization occurs. The antibiotic duration reported was longer for colonized recipients.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Antibiotic therapyBronchial colonizationLung transplantationPerioperativeSurveyAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntibiotic ProphylaxisEuropeGram-Negative BacteriaGram-Negative Bacterial InfectionsHumansImmunocompromised HostLung TransplantationPerioperative MedicineSputumUnited Statesresearch article32349719open access10.1186/s12890-020-1151-91471-2466PMC7191774https://bmcpulmmed.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12890-020-1151-9https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7191774/pdf