Aterido, AdriaCañete, Juan DTornero, JesusBlanco, FranciscoFernandez-Gutierrez, BenjaminPerez, CarolinaAlperi-Lopez, MercedesOlive, AlexCorominas, HectorMartinez-Taboada, VictorGonzalez, IsidoroFernandez-Nebro, AntonioErra, AlbaLopez-Lasanta, MariaLopez-Corbeto, MireiaPalau, NúriaMarsal, SaraJulia, Antonio2023-01-252023-01-252019-07-02Aterido A, Cañete JD, Tornero J, Blanco F, Fernández-Gutierrez B, Pérez C, et al. A Combined Transcriptomic and Genomic Analysis Identifies a Gene Signature Associated With the Response to Anti-TNF Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol. 2019 Jul 2;10:1459http://hdl.handle.net/10668/14246Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most frequent autoimmune disease involving the joints. Although anti-TNF therapies have proven effective in the management of RA, approximately one third of patients do not show a significant clinical response. The objective of this study was to identify new genetic variation associated with the clinical response to anti-TNF therapy in RA. Methods: We performed a sequential multi-omic analysis integrating different sources of molecular information. First, we extracted the RNA from synovial biopsies of 11 RA patients starting anti-TNF therapy to identify gene coexpression modules (GCMs) in the RA synovium. Second, we analyzed the transcriptomic association between each GCM and the clinical response to anti-TNF therapy. The clinical response was determined at week 14 using the EULAR criteria. Third, we analyzed the association between the GCMs and anti-TNF response at the genetic level. For this objective, we used genome-wide data from a cohort of 348 anti-TNF treated patients from Spain. The GCMs that were significantly associated with the anti-TNF response were then tested for validation in an independent cohort of 2,706 anti-TNF treated patients. Finally, the functional implication of the validated GCMs was evaluated via pathway and cell type epigenetic enrichment analyses. Results: A total of 149 GCMs were identified in the RA synovium. From these, 13 GCMs were found to be significantly associated with anti-TNF response (P< 0.05). At the genetic level, we detected two of the 13 GCMs to be significantly associated with the response to adalimumab (P = 0.0015) and infliximab (P = 0.021) in the Spain cohort. Using the independent cohort of RA patients, we replicated the association of the GCM associated with the response to adalimumab (P = 0.0019). The validated module was found to be significantly enriched for genes involved in the nucleotide metabolism (P = 2.41e-5) and epigenetic marks from immune cells, including CD4+ regulatory T cells (P = 0.041). Conclusions: These findings show the existence of a drug-specific genetic basis for anti-TNF response, thereby supporting treatment stratification in the search for response biomarkers in RA.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Anti-TNF therapyGenomicsMulti-omics association analysisRheumatoid arthritisTranscriptomicsAdalimumabAntirheumatic AgentsArthritis, RheumatoidBiopsyCohort StudiesFemaleGene Regulatory NetworksGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansInfliximabMalePolymorphism, Single NucleotideSynovial MembraneTranscriptomeTreatment OutcomeTumor Necrosis Factor-alpharesearch article31312201open accessCromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masasEpigenómicaMembrana sinovialGenesEspañaArtritis reumatoideMultiómicaEnfermedades autoinmunes10.3389/fimmu.2019.014591664-3224PMC6614444https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01459/pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6614444/pdf