Moreno, MaríaMoreno-Navarrete, José MaríaSerrano, MartaOrtega, FranciscoDelgado, ElíasSanchez-Ragnarsson, CeciliaValdés, SergioBotas, PatriciaRicart, WifredoFernández-Real, José Manuel2016-08-092016-08-092015-04-21Moreno M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Serrano M, Ortega F, Delgado E, Sanchez-Ragnarsson C, et al. Circulating irisin levels are positively associated with metabolic risk factors in sedentary subjects. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(4):e0124100http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2328Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;INTRODUCTION A physically active life-style plays an independent role in the protection against type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Irisin, a novel exercise-induced myokine, activates thermogenesis in rodents through increasing beige fat cells abundance within white fat. We aimed to investigate circulating irisin levels in association with the degree of physical activity and various metabolic parameters in humans. METHODS Circulating irisin levels (ELISA) and metabolic parameters were analyzed in 428 subjects (195 men/233 women). Participants were classified according to their self-reported physical activity and to their area of residence. RESULTS Circulating irisin levels were higher in active than in sedentary subjects (p = 0.006). Rural inhabitants showed higher circulating irisin levels than urban subjects (p < 0.0001). The increase in irisin levels related to an active lifestyle was only observed in rural citizens (p = 0.014). Among sedentary participants, irisin levels were positively associated with metabolic risk factors (BMI, fasting insulin, HOMA and fasting triglycerides). The area of residence (β = - 0.592, p = < 0.0001) contributed independently to circulating irisin levels variance after controlling for age, gender, BMI, HOMAIR, triglycerides and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS In sedentary participants, circulating irisin levels were positively associated with parameters related to an increased cardiometabolic risk. The present study confirmed that an active lifestyle increases circulating irisin levels, but only among subjects living in a rural environment. Area of residence might be a determinant of irisin levels.enEnfermedades cardiovascularesDiabetes mellitus tipo IIFibronectinasResistencia a la insulinaEstudios prospectivosFactores de riesgoPoblación ruralVida sedentariaMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::AgedMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular DiseasesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Endocrine System Diseases::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Medical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Membrane Glycoproteins::FibronectinsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Pharmacological Phenomena::Drug Resistance::Insulin ResistanceMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle AgedMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk FactorsMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Population Characteristics::Population::Rural PopulationMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Psychology, Social::Life Style::Sedentary LifestyleMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adultresearch article25897751open access10.1371/journal.pone.01241001932-6203PMC4405583