Shakespear-Druery, JaneDe Cocker, KatrienBiddle, Stuart J HGavilan-Carrera, BlancaSegura-Jimenez, VíctorBennie, Jason2023-02-092023-02-092021-04-15Shakespear-Druery J, De Cocker K, Biddle SJH, Gavilán-Carrera B, Segura-Jiménez V, Bennie J. Assessment of muscle-strengthening exercise in public health surveillance for adults: A systematic review. Prev Med. 2021 Jul;148:106566http://hdl.handle.net/10668/17609There is strong scientific evidence that muscle-strengthening exercise (i.e. use of weight machines, push-ups, sit-ups) is independently associated with a reduced risk of multiple chronic diseases (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease). However, prevalence rates for meeting the muscle-strengthening exercise guideline (≥2 times/week) are significantly lower (~20%) than those reported to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline (e.g. walking, jogging, cycling) (~50%). It is therefore important to understand public health surveillance approaches to assess muscle-strengthening exercise. The aim of this review was to describe muscle-strengthening exercise assessment in public health surveillance. Informed by the PRISMA guidelines, an extensive keyword search was undertaken across 7 electronic data bases. We identified 86,672 possible articles and following screening (n = 1140 in full-text) against specific inclusion criteria (adults aged ≥18 years, English, studies containing g <1000 participants), extracted data from 156 manuscripts. Fifty-eight different survey systems were identified across 17 countries. Muscle-strengthening exercise frequency (85.3%), duration (23.7%) and intensity (1.3%) were recorded. Muscle-strengthening exercise questions varied significantly, with some (11.5%) requiring a singular ‘yes’ vs ‘no’ response, while others (7.7%) sought specific details (e.g. muscle groups targeted). Assessments of duration and intensity were inconsistent. Very few studies measured the validity (0.6%) and reliability (1.3%) of muscle-strengthening exercise questions. Discrepancy exists within the current assessment systems/surveys used to assess muscle-trengthening exercise in public health surveillance. This is likely to impede efforts to identify at risk groups and trends within physical activity surveillance, and to accurately assess associations between muscle-strengthening exercise and health-related outcomes.enAssessmentMeasurementMuscle-strengthening exercisePublic health surveillanceAdolescentAdultExerciseHumansMusclesPublic health surveillanceReproducibility of resultsResistance trainingresearch article33878352open accessEjercicio físicoEntrenamiento de fuerzaMúsculosReproducibilidad de los resultadosVigilancia en salud pública10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.1065661096-0260http://eprints.usq.edu.au/42144/2/SLR%20Publication_PrevMed_prepub_DRAFT.docx