Aguilar Cordero, María JoséSánchez López, Antonio ManuelMadrid Baños, NayraMur Villar, NormaExpósito Ruiz, ManuelaHermoso Rodríguez, Enrique2016-08-102016-08-102015Aguilar Cordero MJ, Sánchez López AM, Madrid Baños N, Mur Villar N, Expósito Ruiz M, Hermoso Rodríguez E. Lactancia materna como prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en el niño y el adolescente; revisión sistemática. Nutr Hosp. 2015; 31(2):606-200212-1611http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2352BACKGROUND: Breastfeeding is a recommended practice from national and international institutions due to the health benefits that it provides, both for the nursling and for the mother. Nowadays, overweight and obesity result in greater morbidity along different life periods. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this systematic review is to explore the characteristics of breastfeeding in the prevention of overweight and obesity during childhood. METHOD: A systematic search has been carried out and 113 papers have been selected: 20 meta-analysis and reviews, 6 original papers of clinical trials, 42 cohort or longitudinal studies, 19 correlational studies, 24 descriptive studies and 2 books. RESULTS: According to the analysed papers, there is a causal relationship between breastfeeding and the prevention of childhood obesity. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: In the various studies explored, it has been observed that the maximum benefits of breastfeeding are obtained when its duration is longer than 6 months and when it extends for two years, complemented with other foodstuffs. Other studies show that breastfeeding is effective in obesity prevention, even when its duration is limited. It is also important that complementary foods are introduced after the first six months of age, so as to reduce food allergy risk and to prevent obesity. Similarly, the weight of the mother during pregnancy has been associated with childhood obesity, as well as the weight of the child when he was born and other factors like maternal smoking and socioeconomic status.Introducción: La Lactancia materna es una práctica recomendada desde las instituciones nacionales e internacionales debido a los beneficios que reporta para la salud, tanto del lactante como de la madre. En la actualidad, el sobrepeso y la obesidad conllevan una mayor morbilidad en los diferentes períodos de la vida. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es conocer las características de la lactancia materna en la prevención del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la infancia. Método: Se ha efectuado una búsqueda sistemática y se han seleccionado 113 artículos: 20 meta-análisis y revisiones, 6 artículos originales de ensayos clínicos, 42 estudios de cohorte o longitudinales, 19 estudios correlaciónales de muestra amplia, 24 descriptivos y 2 libros. Resultados: Según los artículos analizados, existe una relación causal entre la lactancia materna y la prevención de la obesidad infantil. Discusión/conclusión: En los diferentes estudios se ha podido verificar que los máximos beneficios de la lactancia materna se obtienen cuando su duración es mayor de 6 meses y se prolonga hasta los dos años, apoyada con otros alimentos. Otros estudios muestran que la lactancia materna es eficaz en la prevención de la obesidad, aunque su duración sea breve. También es importante que la alimentación complementaria se introduzca pasados los 6 meses de vida, para disminuir el riesgo de alergia a los alimentos y prevenir así la obesidad. Igualmente, se han relacionado con la obesidad infantil el peso de la madre durante el embarazo, el peso del niño al nacer, el tabaquismo materno y el nivel socioeconómicospaBreastfeedingChildhood obesityInfant formulaComplementary foodLactancia maternaObesidad infantilLeche de fórmulaAlimentación complementariaMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Physiological Processes::Growth and Development::Growth::Body Size::Body WeightMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Nutrition Processes::Breast FeedingMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::ChildMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Immune System Diseases::Hypersensitivity::Hypersensitivity, Immediate::Food HypersensitivityMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::Overweight::ObesityMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Size::Body Weight::OverweightMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Phenomena::Reproductive Physiological Processes::Reproduction::PregnancyMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Habits::SmokingMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Population Characteristics::Socioeconomic Factors::Social Classresearch article25617541open access10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.84581699-5198