Effect on gut microbiota of a 1-y lifestyle intervention with Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion: PREDIMED-Plus Study.

Muralidharan, JananeeMoreno-Indias, IsabelBulló, MónicaLopez, Jesús VioqueCorella, DoloresCastañer, OlgaVidal, JosepAtzeni, AlessandroFernandez-García, Jose CarlosTorres-Collado, LauraFernández-Carrión, RebecaFito, MonsterratOlbeyra, RominaGomez-Perez, Ana MariaGaliè, SerenaBernal-López, Maria RosaMartinez-Gonzalez, Miguel AngelSalas-Salvadó, JordiTinahones, Francisco Jose2025-01-072025-01-072021https://hdl.handle.net/10668/27005The Mediterranean diet is a well-recognized healthy diet that has shown to induce positive changes in gut microbiota. Lifestyle changes such as diet along with physical activity could aid in weight loss and improve cardiovascular risk factors. To investigate the effect of an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention on gut microbiota. This is a substudy of the PREDIMED-Plus (Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea-Plus), a randomized controlled trial conducted in overweight/obese men and women (aged 55-75 y) with metabolic syndrome. The intervention group (IG) underwent an intensive weight loss lifestyle intervention based on an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and physical activity promotion, and the control group (CG) underwent a non-energy-restricted MedDiet for 1 y. Anthropometric, biochemical, and gut microbial 16S rRNA sequencing data were analyzed at baseline (n = 362) and 1-y follow-up (n = 343). IG participants had a weight loss of 4.2 (IQR, -6.8, -2.5) kg compared with 0.2 (IQR, -2.1, 1.4) kg in the CG (P Weight loss induced by an energy-restricted MedDiet and physical activity induce changes in gut microbiota. The role of MedDiet-induced changes on the host might be via short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, whereas with energy restriction, these changes might be modulated with other mechanisms, which need to be explored in future studies. This trial was registered at http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN89898870 as ISRCT 89898870.enAttribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Mediterranean dietenergy restrictiongut microbiotaobesityweight lossAgedBacteriaCaloric RestrictionDiet, MediterraneanEnergy IntakeExerciseFecesFemaleGastrointestinal MicrobiomeHumansLife StyleMaleMetabolic SyndromeMiddle AgedPhylogenyRNA, BacterialRNA, Ribosomal, 16SEffect on gut microbiota of a 1-y lifestyle intervention with Mediterranean diet compared with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion: PREDIMED-Plus Study.research article34020445open access10.1093/ajcn/nqab1501938-3207PMC8408861https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab150https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8408861/pdf