Xu, ChengMessina, AndreaSomm, EmmanuelMiraoui, HichemKinnunen, TarjaAcierno, JamesNiederländer, Nicolas JBouilly, JustineDwyer, Andrew ASidis, YisraelCassatella, DanieleSykiotis, Gerasimos PQuinton, RichardDe Geyter, ChristianDirlewanger, MirjamSchwitzgebel, ValérieCole, Trevor RToogood, Andrew AKirk, Jeremy MwPlummer, LaceyAlbrecht, UrsCrowley, William FMohammadi, MoosaTena-Sempere, ManuelPrevot, VincentPitteloud, Nelly2023-01-252023-01-252017-06-27Xu C, Messina A, Somm E, Miraoui H, Kinnunen T, Acierno J Jr, et al. KLB, encoding β-Klotho, is mutated in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. EMBO Mol Med. 2017 Oct;9(10):1379-1397http://hdl.handle.net/10668/11454Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare genetic form of isolated gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) deficiency caused by mutations in > 30 genes. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is the most frequently mutated gene in CHH and is implicated in GnRH neuron development and maintenance. We note that a CHH FGFR1 mutation (p.L342S) decreases signaling of the metabolic regulator FGF21 by impairing the association of FGFR1 with β-Klotho (KLB), the obligate co-receptor for FGF21. We thus hypothesized that the metabolic FGF21/KLB/FGFR1 pathway is involved in CHH Genetic screening of 334 CHH patients identified seven heterozygous loss-of-function KLB mutations in 13 patients (4%). Most patients with KLB mutations (9/13) exhibited metabolic defects. In mice, lack of Klb led to delayed puberty, altered estrous cyclicity, and subfertility due to a hypothalamic defect associated with inability of GnRH neurons to release GnRH in response to FGF21. Peripheral FGF21 administration could indeed reach GnRH neurons through circumventricular organs in the hypothalamus. We conclude that FGF21/KLB/FGFR1 signaling plays an essential role in GnRH biology, potentially linking metabolism with reproduction.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Beta‐klothoCongenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadismFibroblast growth factor 21Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1AnimalsCOS cellsCaenorhabditis elegansChlorocebus aethiopsCohort studiesFemaleFibroblast growth factorsGonadotropin-releasing hormoneHEK293 cellsHumansHypothalamusKallmann syndromeKlotho proteinsMaleMembrane proteinsMice, inbred C57BLMice, mutant strainsNeuronsReceptor, fibroblast growth factor, type 1research article28754744open accessCélulas COSCélulas HEK293Factores de crecimiento de fibroblastosHipotálamoHormona liberadora de gonadotropinaNeuronasProteínas KlothoProteínas de la membrana10.15252/emmm.2016073761757-4684PMC5623842https://doi.org/10.15252/emmm.201607376https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5623842/pdf