de la Cruz-Merino, LuisBarco-Sánchez, AntonioHenao Carrasco, FernandoNogales Fernández, EstebanVallejo Benítez, AnaBrugal Molina, JavierMartínez Peinado, AntonioGrueso López, AnaRuiz Borrego, ManuelCodes Manuel de Villena, ManuelSánchez-Margalet, VíctorNieto-García, AdoraciónAlba Conejo, EmilioCasares Lagar, NoeliaIbáñez Martínez, José2015-12-022015-12-022013de la Cruz-Merino L, Barco-Sánchez A, Henao Carrasco F, Nogales Fernández E, Vallejo Benítez A, Brugal Molina J, et al. New insights into the role of the immune microenvironment in breast carcinoma. Clin. Dev. Immunol.2013;2013:7853171740-2522http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2094Journal Article; Review;Recently, immune edition has been recognized as a new hallmark of cancer. In this respect, some clinical trials in breast cancer have reported imppressive outcomes related to laboratory immune findings, especially in the neoadjuvant and metastatic setting. Infiltration by tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and their subtypes, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and myeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) seem bona fide prognostic and even predictive biomarkers, that will eventually be incorporated into diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of breast cancer. In addition, the complex interaction of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules on the immune synapse and the different signals that they may exert represent another exciting field to explore. In this review we try to summarize and elucidate these new concepts and knowledge from a translational perspective focusing on breast cancer, paying special attention to those aspects that might have more significance in clinical practice and could be useful to design successful therapeutic strategies in the future.enNeoplasias de la mamaCarcinomaTolerancia inmunológicaLinfocitos infiltrantes de tumorCélulas mieloidesMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Site::Breast NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial::CarcinomaMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Immune System Phenomena::Immune System Processes::Immunomodulation::Immune ToleranceMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Cellular Structures::Cell Membrane::Cell Membrane Structures::Intercellular Junctions::Immunological SynapsesMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::Lymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Connective Tissue Cells::MacrophagesMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Myeloid CellsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::PrognosisMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cellular Microenvironment::Tumor MicroenvironmentMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Biological MarkersMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Prognosisreview article23861693open access10.1155/2013/7853171740-2530PMC3686058