Vergnaud, Anne-ClaireNorat, TeresaMouw, TraciRomaguera, DoraMay, Anne MBueno-de-Mesquita, H Basvan der A, DaphneAgudo, AntonioWareham, NicholasKhaw, Kay-TeeRomieu, IsabelleFreisling, HeinzSlimani, NadiaPerquier, FlorenceBoutron-Ruault, Marie-ChristineClavel-Chapelon, FrançoisePalli, DomenicoBerrino, FrancoMattiello, AmaliaTumino, RosarioRicceri, FulvioRodríguez, LaudinaMolina-Montes, EstherAmiano, PilarBarricarte, AurelioChirlaque, Maria-DoloresCrowe, Francesca LOrfanos, PhilipposNaska, AndronikiTrichopoulou, AntoniaTeucher, BirgitKaaks, RudolfBoeing, HeinerBuijsse, BrianJohansson, IngegedHallmans, GöranDrake, IsabelSonestedt, EmilyJakobsen, Marianne UhreOvervad, KimTjønneland, AnneHalkjær, JytteSkeie, GuriBraaten, TonjeLund, EilivRiboli, ElioPeeters, Petra H M2014-02-062014-02-062013-03-05Vergnaud AC, Norat T, Mouw T, Romaguera D, May AM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, et al. Macronutrient composition of the diet and prospective weight change in participants of the EPIC-PANACEA study. PLoS ONE 2013; 8(3):e57300http://hdl.handle.net/10668/1492Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;BACKGROUND The effect of the macronutrient composition of the usual diet on long term weight maintenance remains controversial. METHODS 373,803 subjects aged 25-70 years were recruited in 10 European countries (1992-2000) in the PANACEA project of the EPIC cohort. Diet was assessed at baseline using country-specific validated questionnaires and weight and height were measured at baseline and self-reported at follow-up in most centers. The association between weight change after 5 years of follow-up and the iso-energetic replacement of 5% of energy from one macronutrient by 5% of energy from another macronutrient was assessed using multivariate linear mixed-models. The risk of becoming overweight or obese after 5 years was investigated using multivariate Poisson regressions stratified according to initial Body Mass Index. RESULTS A higher proportion of energy from fat at the expense of carbohydrates was not significantly associated with weight change after 5 years. However, a higher proportion of energy from protein at the expense of fat was positively associated with weight gain. A higher proportion of energy from protein at the expense of carbohydrates was also positively associated with weight gain, especially when carbohydrates were rich in fibre. The association between percentage of energy from protein and weight change was slightly stronger in overweight participants, former smokers, participants ≥60 years old, participants underreporting their energy intake and participants with a prudent dietary pattern. Compared to diets with no more than 14% of energy from protein, diets with more than 22% of energy from protein were associated with a 23-24% higher risk of becoming overweight or obese in normal weight and overweight subjects at baseline. CONCLUSION Our results show that participants consuming an amount of protein above the protein intake recommended by the American Diabetes Association may experience a higher risk of becoming overweight or obese during adult life.enAdultoAncianoÍndice de Masa CorporalDietaCarbohidratos en la DietaProteínas en la DietaIngestión de EnergíaEuropaHumanosModelos LinealesMediana EdadObesidadSobrepesoDistribución de PoissonEstudios ProspectivosCuestionariosFactores de riesgoAumento de PesoMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::AdultMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::AgedMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Body Constitution::Body Weights and Measures::Body Mass IndexMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::DietMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Dietary CarbohydratesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Dietary ProteinsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Diet::Energy IntakeMedical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::EuropeMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models, Statistical::Linear ModelsMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle AgedMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::ObesityMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Body Weight::OverweightMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Statistical Distributions::Poisson DistributionMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::QuestionnairesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk FactorsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::Body Weight::Body Weight Changes::Weight Gainresearch article23472080open access10.1371/journal.pone.00573001932-6203PMC3589445