Rodrigo, TCasals, MCaminero, J AGarcía-García, J MJiménez-Fuentes, M AMedina, J FMillet, J PRuiz-Manzano, JCaylá, JWorking Group of the Integrated Programme of Tuberculosis Research2023-01-252023-01-252016-08-03http://hdl.handle.net/10668/10331To determine the case-fatality rate (CFR) at the end of the intensive phase of tuberculosis (TB) treatment, and factors associated with fatality. TB patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2013 were followed-up during treatment. We computed the CFR at the end of the intensive phase of TB treatment, and the incidence of death per 100 person-days (pd) of follow-up. We performed survival analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression, and calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 5,182 patients were included, of whom 180 (3.5%) died; 87 of these deaths (48.3%) occurred during the intensive phase of treatment, with a CFR of 1.7%. The incidence of death was 0.028/100 pd. The following factors were associated with death during the intensive phase: being >50 years (HR = 36.9;CI:4.8-283.4); being retired (HR = 2.4;CI:1.1-5.1); having visited the emergency department (HR = 3.1;CI:1.2-7.7); HIV infection (HR = 3.4;CI:1.6-7.2); initial standard treatment with 3 drugs (HR = 2.0;CI:1.2-3.3) or non-standard treatments (HR = 2.68;CI:1.36-5.25); comprehension difficulties (HR = 2.8;CI:1.3-6.1); and smear-positive sputum (HR = 2.3-CI:1.0-4.8). There is a non-negligible CFR during the intensive phase of TB, whose reduction should be prioritised. The CFR could be a useful indicator for evaluating TB programs.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAntitubercular AgentsCoinfectionFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsSurvival AnalysisTuberculosisYoung Adultresearch article27487189open access10.1371/journal.pone.01599251932-6203PMC4972388https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0159925&type=printablehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4972388/pdf