Mena-Vazquez, NataliaRuiz-Limon, PatriciaMoreno-Indias, IsabelManrique-Arija, SaraTinahones, Francisco J.Fernandez-Nebro, Antonio2022-11-212022-11-212020-04-07Mena-Vázquez N, Ruiz-Limón P, Moreno-Indias I, Manrique-Arija S, Tinahones FJ, Fernández-Nebro A. Expansion1 of Rare and Harmful Lineages is Associated with Established Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med. 2020 Apr 7;9(4):1044http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4384Objectives: To characterize the gut microbiota profile in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and investigate its association with certain characteristics of RA. Patients and methods: A nested case–control cohort of 40 patients with RA and 40 sex-age matched controls was studied. Subjects with diabetes, with any other inflammatory disease, practicing extreme diets, taking antibiotics, probiotics or under any new treatment for at least three months prior to sampling were excluded. The microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and bioinformatics analysis by Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME). Other variables included clinical-laboratory variables and average Disease Activity Score 28 points during the follow-up period. Multiple linear regression models were constructed to investigate the possible risk factors for the microbiota. Results: β-diversity data showed that patients tend to differ from healthy subjects according to their microbiota (p = 0.07). The analysis showed an increase in Collinsella aerofaciens, Sedimentibacter and Enterococcus genera in patients compared to controls, as well as a decrease in Dorea formicigenerans. Likewise, an increase in the activity of arginine deiminase was observed, which was found in approximately 90% of the RA genes of the genus Collinsela. The sequence number of Collinsella aerofaciens was independently associated with age (B (95%CI), −0.347 (−21.6, −2.1)), high ACPA (0.323 (27.4–390.0)) and smoking (0.300 (8.8–256.4)) in RA patients. In addition, we observed decreases in Sarcina, 02d06 and Porphyromonas bacterial lineages. Conclusion: Patients with RA present dysbiosis, resulting from an abundance of certain bacterial lineages and a decrease in others. These alterations could influence the maintenance of autoimmunity to this disease.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Rheumatoid arthritisGut microbiotaAnti-citrullinated protein antibodiesCollinsella aerofaciensDysbiosisSmokingEnterococcusDietDiabetes mellitusMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::InfantMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides::Nucleic Acids::RNA::RNA, Ribosomal::RNA, Ribosomal, 16SMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Positive Bacteria::Gram-Positive Cocci::SarcinaMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::DysbiosisMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Natural Science Disciplines::Biological Science Disciplines::Biology::Computational BiologyMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Immune System Phenomena::Immunity::AutoimmunityMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Follow-Up StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Research Subjects::Healthy VolunteersMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Models, Statistical::Linear ModelsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Musculoskeletal Diseases::Joint Diseases::Arthritis::Arthritis, RheumatoidMedical Subject Headings::Technology and Food and Beverages::Food and Beverages::Food::Dietary Supplements::ProbioticsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Case-Control StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Genetic Techniques::Sequence Analysis::High-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Negative Bacteria::Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria::Gram-Negative Anaerobic Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods::Bacteroidaceae::PorphyromonasMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Positive Bacteria::Lactobacillales::Enterococcaceae::EnterococcusMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk FactorsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Anti-Bacterial AgentsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes MellitusMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Tobacco Use::SmokingMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::Dietresearch article32272752open accessArtritis reumatoideMicrobioma gastrointestinalAnticuerpos antiproteína citrulinadaDisbiosisDieta10.3390/jcm90410442077-0383PMC7230781