Schwarz, ChristinePedraza-Flechas, Ana MaríaPastor-Barriuso, RobertoLope, Virginiade Larrea, Nerea FernándezJiménez-Moleón, José JuanPollán, MarinaPérez-Gómez, Beatriz2025-01-072025-01-072021-11-262072-6694https://hdl.handle.net/10668/24683This systematic review discusses long-term NSW and female BC risk, with special attention to differences between pre- and postmenopausal BC, to test the association with recent NSW. The review follows PRISMA guidelines (Prospero registry: CRD42018102515). We searched PubMed, Embase, and WOS for case-control, nested case-control, and cohort studies addressing long-term NSW (≥15 years) as risk exposure and female BC as outcome until 31 December 2020. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Eighteen studies were finally included (eight cohorts; five nested case-control; five case-control). We performed meta-analyses on long-term NSW and BC risk; overall and by menopausal status; a subanalysis on recent long-term NSW, based on studies involving predominantly women below retirement age; and a dose-response meta-analysis on NSW duration. The pooled estimate for long-term NSW and BC was 1.13 (95%CI = 1.01-1.27; 18 studies, I2 = 56.8%, p = 0.002). BC risk increased 4.7% per 10 years of NSW (95%CI = 0.94-1.09; 16 studies, I2 = 33.4%, p = 0.008). The pooled estimate for premenopausal BC was 1.27 (95%CI = 0.96-1.68; six studies, I2 = 32.0%, p = 0.196) and for postmenopausal BC 1.05 (95%CI = 0.90-1.24,I2 = 52.4%; seven studies, p = 0.050). For recent long-term exposure, the pooled estimate was 1.23 (95%CI = 1.06-1.42; 15 studies; I2 = 48.4%, p = 0.018). Our results indicate that long-term NSW increases the risk for BC and that menopausal status and time since exposure might be relevant.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/breast cancermenopausal statusmeta-analysisnightshift workoccupational exposurerecent exposureretirement ageresearch article34885062open access10.3390/cancers13235952PMC8657038https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/23/5952/pdf?version=1638424178https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8657038/pdf