Rivera-Izquierdo, MarioLáinez-Ramos-Bossini, Antonio JesúsRivera-Izquierdo, CarlosLópez-Gómez, JairoFernández-Martínez, Nicolás FranciscoRedruello-Guerrero, PabloMartín-delosReyes, Luis MiguelMartínez-Ruiz, VirginiaMoreno-Roldán, ElenaJiménez-Mejías, Eladio2022-05-242022-05-242021-01-18Rivera-Izquierdo M, Láinez-Ramos-Bossini AJ, Rivera-Izquierdo C, López-Gómez J, Fernández-Martínez NF, Redruello-Guerrero P, et al. OXA-48 Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales in Spanish Hospitals: An Updated Comprehensive Review on a Rising Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics. 2021 Jan 18;10(1):89http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3665Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are significant contributors to the global public health threat of antimicrobial resistance. OXA-48-like enzymes and their variants are unique carbapenemases with low or null hydrolytic activity toward carbapenems but no intrinsic activity against expanded-spectrum cephalosporins. CPEs have been classified by the WHO as high-priority pathogens given their association with morbidity and mortality and the scarce number of effective antibiotic treatments. In Spain, the frequency of OXA-48 CPE outbreaks is higher than in other European countries, representing the major resistance mechanism of CPEs. Horizontal transfer of plasmids and poor effective antibiotic treatment are additional threats to the correct prevention and control of these hospital outbreaks. One of the most important risk factors is antibiotic pressure, specifically carbapenem overuse. We explored the use of these antibiotics in Spain and analyzed the frequency, characteristics and prevention of CPE outbreaks. Future antibiotic stewardship programs along with specific preventive measures in hospitalized patients must be reinforced and updated in Spain.enAtribución 4.0 InternacionalAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/OXA-48CarbapenemCarbapenemaseSpainOutbreakMultiresistantEnterobacteriaAntibiotic stewardshipCarbapenémicosEspañaBrotes de enfermedadesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Anti-Bacterial AgentsMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Health Occupations::Medicine::Public HealthMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Microbiological Phenomena::Bacterial Physiological Phenomena::Drug Resistance, BacterialMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Lactams::beta-Lactams::CarbapenemsMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Environment and Public Health::Public Health::Disease OutbreaksMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Lactams::beta-Lactams::CephalosporinsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Genetic Phenomena::Genetic Structures::Plasmidsreview article33477731open access10.3390/antibiotics100100892079-6382PMC7832331