Rodríguez-Villodres, ÁngelMartín-Gandul, CeciliaPeñalva, GermánGuisado-Gil, Ana BelénCrespo-Rivas, Juan CarlosPachón-Ibáñez, María EugeniaLepe, José AntonioCisneros, José Miguel2022-11-172022-11-172021-06-07Rodríguez-Villodres Á, Martín-Gandul C, Peñalva G, Guisado-Gil AB, Crespo-Rivas JC, Pachón-Ibáñez ME, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Colonization in Long-Term Care Facilities Around the World: A Review. Antibiotics. 2021 Jun 7;10(6):680.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4356Elderly people confined to chronic care facilities face an increased risk of acquiring infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This review presents the current knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by MDROs in long-term care facilities (LTCF), thereby providing a useful reference to establish objectives for implementing successful antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). We searched in PubMed and Scopus for studies examining the prevalence of MDROs and/or risk factors for the acquisition of MDROs in LTCF. One hundred and thirty-four studies published from 1987 to 2020 were included. The prevalence of MDROs in LTCF varies between the different continents, where Asia reported the highest prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacterales (71.6%), carbapenem resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (6.9%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (25.6%) and North America the highest prevalence to MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.4%), MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (15.0%), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) (4.0%), and Clostridioides difficile (26.1%). Furthermore, MDRO prevalence has experienced changes over time, with increases in MDR P. aeruginosa and extended spectrum ß-lactamase producing Enterobacterales observed starting in 2015 and decreases of CR Enterobacterales, MDR A. baumannii, VRE, MRSA and C. difficile. Several risk factors have been found, such as male sex, chronic wounds, the use of medical devices, and previous antibiotic use. The last of these aspects represents one of the most important modifiable factors for reducing colonization with MDROs through implementing ASPs in LTCF.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Multidrug-resistant organismLong term care facilitiesNursing homesPrevalenceRisk factorsAntimicrobial stewardshipMethicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureusPseudomonas aeruginosaAcinetobacter baumanniiEnterococcusCuidados a largo plazoCasas de saludPrevalenciaFactores de riesgoProgramas de optimización del uso de los antimicrobianosStaphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilinaMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::AgedMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Endospore-Forming Bacteria::Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria::Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods::Staphylococcaceae::Staphylococcus::Staphylococcus aureus::Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureusMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Microbiological Phenomena::Bacterial Physiological Phenomena::Drug Resistance, Bacterial::Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Negative Bacteria::Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria::Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci::Pseudomonadaceae::Pseudomonas::Pseudomonas aeruginosaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Negative Bacteria::Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria::Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci::Moraxellaceae::Acinetobacter::Acinetobacter baumanniiMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Carbohydrates::Glycoconjugates::Glycopeptides::VancomycinMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Long-Term CareMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Vital Statistics::Morbidity::PrevalenceMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Anti-Infective Agents::Anti-Bacterial AgentsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Probability::Risk::Risk FactorsMedical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Americas::North AmericaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Positive Bacteria::Lactobacillales::Enterococcaceae::EnterococcusMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Organic Chemicals::Amides::Lactams::beta-Lactams::CarbapenemsMedical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Information Storage and Retrieval::Databases as Topic::Databases, Bibliographic::PubMedMedical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Communications Media::Publications::Bibliography as Topic::BibliometricsMedical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Asiareview article34200238open access10.3390/antibiotics100606802079-6382PMC8228357