Calderon-Parra, JorgeKestler, MarthaRamos-Martínez, AntonioBouza, EmilioValerio, Maricelade Alarcón, ArístidesLuque, RafaelGoenaga, Miguel ÁngelEcheverría, TomásFariñas, M. CarmenPericàs, Juan M.Ojeda-Burgos, GuillermoFernández-Cruz, AnaPlata, AntonioVinuesa, DavidMuñoz, Patricia2022-08-092022-08-092021-02-13Calderón-Parra J, Kestler M, Ramos-Martínez A, Bouza E, Valerio M, de Alarcón A, et al. Clinical Factors Associated with Reinfection versus Relapse in Infective Endocarditis: Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2021 Feb 13;10(4):748http://hdl.handle.net/10668/3900We aimed to identify clinical factors associated with recurrent infective endocarditis (IE) episodes. The clinical characteristics of 2816 consecutive patients with definite IE (January 2008-2018) were compared according to the development of a second episode of IE. A total of 2152 out of 2282 (94.3%) patients, who were discharged alive and followed-up for at least the first year, presented a single episode of IE, whereas 130 patients (5.7%) presented a recurrence; 70 cases (53.8%) were due to other microorganisms (reinfection), and 60 cases (46.2%) were due to the same microorganism causing the first episode. Thirty-eight patients (29.2%), whose recurrence was due to the same microorganism, were diagnosed during the first 6 months of follow-up and were considered relapses. Relapses were associated with nosocomial endocarditis (OR: 2.67 (95% CI: 1.37-5.29)), enterococci (OR: 3.01 (95% CI: 1.51-6.01)), persistent bacteremia (OR: 2.37 (95% CI: 1.05-5.36)), and surgical treatment (OR: 0.23 (0.1-0.53)). On the other hand, episodes of reinfection were more common in patients with chronic liver disease (OR: 3.1 (95% CI: 1.65-5.83)) and prosthetic endocarditis (OR: 1.71 (95% CI: 1.04-2.82)). The clinical factors associated with reinfection and relapse in patients with IE appear to be different. A better understanding of these factors would allow the development of more effective therapeutic strategies.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/EndocarditisRecurrenceEnterococcusBacteremiaCardiac surgical proceduresLiver diseaseReinfectionMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Infection::Cross InfectionMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Follow-Up StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Patient Care::Hospitalization::Patient DischargeMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Heart Diseases::EndocarditisMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Bacterial Infections and Mycoses::Bacterial Infections::BacteremiaMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Liver DiseasesMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Gram-Positive Bacteria::Lactobacillales::Enterococcaceae::EnterococcusMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Liver Diseases::Liver Cirrhosisresearch article33668597open accessProcedimientos quirúrgicos cardíacosHepatopatíaReinfecciónCirrosis hepática10.3390/jcm100407482077-0383PMC7918007