Cantón-Habas, VanesaCarrera-González, María Del PilarMoreno-Casbas, María TeresaRich-Ruiz, Manuel2022-11-292022-11-292021-06-22Cantón-Habas V, Carrera-González MDP, Moreno-Casbas MT, Rich-Ruiz M. Spanish adaptation and validation of the Pain Assessment Scale in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) in patients with dementia and impaired verbal communication: cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2021 Jun 22;11(6):e049211http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4425Objectives The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia (PAINAD) scale in Spanish. Design Cross-sectional observational study. Setting Two health districts of Andalusian provinces, located in the south of Spain, through the Andalusian network of Primary Healthcare centres and four institutions dedicated to the care of patients with dementia. Participants A total of 100 older people, with a medical diagnosis of dementia and a score on the Global Deterioration Scale between 5 and 7 were assessed using the PAINAD scale. Primary and secondary outcome measures Psychometric properties including content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale have been tested. Results The overall Item Content Validity Index was excellent (0.95). Regarding construct validity, it was confirmed that a lower use of analgesics implied a lower score on the PAINAD scale (p<0.05). The internal consistency of the scale was 0.76 and it increases to 0.81 if we remove the breathing item. Furthermore, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to assess interobserver reliability was 0.94, whereas the ICC used to assess temporary stability was 0.55. Conclusions The Spanish version of the PAINAD scale is a valid tool to assess pain in patients with dementia and inability to communicate verbally.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 InternacionalAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Pain assessment scalePsychometricDementiaPrimary healthcareSpainImpaired verbal communicationDimensión del dolorPsicometríaDemenciaAtención primaria de saludEspañaMedical Subject Headings::Persons::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::AgedMedical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::CommunicationMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cross-Sectional StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Signs and Symptoms::PainMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures::Physical Examination::Neurologic Examination::Pain MeasurementMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::PsychometricsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Reproducibility of ResultsMedical Subject Headings::Geographical Locations::Geographic Locations::Europe::SpainMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::QuestionnairesMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Mental Disorders::Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders::DementiaMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Patient Care Management::Comprehensive Health Care::Primary Health CareMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Services Administration::Quality of Health Care::Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Physiological Effects of Drugs::Peripheral Nervous System Agents::Sensory System Agents::Analgesicsresearch article34158307open access10.1136/bmjopen-2021-0492112044-6055PMC8220480