Lopez-Siguero, Juan PMartinez-Aedo, Maria JBermudez-de-la-Vega, Jose AntonioBosch-Muñoz, JordiLechuga-Sancho, Alfonso MVillalobos, Triana2023-05-032023-05-032021-12-09López-Siguero JP, Martínez-Aedo MJ, Bermúdez de la Vega JA, Bosch-Muñoz J, Lechuga-Sancho AM, Villalobos T, et al. Growth hormone treatment does not to lead to insulin resistance nor excessive rise in IGF-1 levels, while improving height in patients small for gestational age A long-term observational study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2022 Apr;96(4):558-568http://hdl.handle.net/10668/19925In children born small for gestational age (SGA), the relationship between growth hormone (GH) treatment and insulin resistance (IR) has only been investigated for a short period, necessitating a longer observation period. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term (10 years) effect of GH to SGA-children on IR and safety during treatment. This was a multicenter observational study. SGA-children who received GH treatment in Spain (stratified by Tanner-stage and age at GH onset [two groups: ≤6 years old or >6 years old]). The analysed variables (yearly measures) included auxologic, metabolic (insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), height velocity [HV], weight and homeostatic model assessment-IR [HOMA-IR]) and safety data. Data were collected prospectively (since the study approval: 2007) and retrospectively (since the initiation of GH treatment: 2005-2007). A total of 389 SGA children (369 Tanner-I) were recruited from 27 centres. The mean age (standard deviation) of the children at GH treatment onset was 7.2 (2.8) years old. IGF-1 (standard deviation score [SDS]) and HOMA-IR values tended to increase until the sixth year of GH-treatment, with significant differences being observed only during the first year, while these remained stable in the later years (within normal ranges). Height (SDS) increased significantly (basal: -3.0; tenth year: -1.13), and the maximum HV (SDS) occurred during the first year (2.75 ± 2.39). HOMA-IR values increased significantly in SGA-children during the first year of GH-treatment, remained stable and were within normal ranges in all cases. Our 10-year data suggests that long-term GH treatment does not promote IR and is well-tolerated, safe and effective.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/EfficacyGrowth hormoneHomeostatic model assessmentInsulin resistanceLong-term follow-upSafetySmall for gestational ageBody HeightChildChild, PreschoolGestational AgeHuman Growth HormoneHumansInfant, NewbornInfant, Small for Gestational AgeInsulin ResistanceInsulin-Like Growth Factor IRetrospective Studiesresearch article34882803open accessFactor I del Crecimiento Similar a la InsulinaPéptidos Similares a la InsulinaEdad GestacionalResistencia a la InsulinaHormona del Crecimiento10.1111/cen.146261365-2265PMC9299847https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/cen.14626https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9299847/pdf