Cruz-Merino, Luis de laHenao Carrasco, FernandoVicente Baz, DavidNogales Fernández, EstebanReina Zoilo, Juan JoséCodes Manuel de Villena, ManuelGrande Pulido, Enrique2013-06-052013-06-052011Cruz-Merino L de la, Henao Carrasco F, Vicente Baz D, Nogales Fernández E, Reina Zoilo JJ, Codes Manuel de Villena M, et al. Immune microenvironment in colorectal cancer: a new hallmark to change old paradigms. Clin. Dev. Immunol.; 2011:1741491740-2522http://hdl.handle.net/10668/1098Journal Article; Review;Impact of immune microenvironment in prognosis of solid tumors has been extensively studied in the last few years. Specifically in colorectal carcinoma, increased knowledge of the immune events around these tumors and their relation with clinical outcomes have led to consider immune microenvironment as one of the most important prognostic factors in this disease. In this review we will summarize and update the current knowledge with respect to this intriguing and complex new hallmark of cancer, paying special attention to infiltration by T-infiltrating lymphocytes and their subtypes in colorectal cancer, as well as its eventual clinical translation in terms of long-term prognosis. Finally, we suggest some possible investigational approaches based on combinatorial strategies to trigger and boost immune reaction against tumor cells.enAntígenos CD80AntineoplásicosAntígeno CTLA-4Neoplasias ColorrectalesPronósticoLinfocitos T ReguladoresMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins::B7 Antigens::Antigens, CD80Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Chemical Actions and Uses::Pharmacologic Actions::Therapeutic Uses::Antineoplastic AgentsMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins::Proteins::Membrane Proteins::Receptors, Cell Surface::Receptors, Immunologic::Costimulatory and Inhibitory T-Cell Receptors::CTLA-4 AntigenMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Neoplasms::Neoplasms by Histologic Type::Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial::CarcinomaMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Digestive System Neoplasms::Gastrointestinal Neoplasms::Intestinal Neoplasms::Colorectal NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::Lymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Genomic Instability::Microsatellite InstabilityMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::PrognosisMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells::T-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Blood Cells::Leukocytes::Leukocytes, Mononuclear::Lymphocytes::Lymphocyte Subsets::T-Lymphocyte Subsets::T-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Biological Factors::Biological Markers::Tumor Markers, BiologicalMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cellular Microenvironment::Tumor MicroenvironmentMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Cells::Antigen-Presenting Cellsreview article22162710open access10.1155/2011/1741491740-2530PMC3226426