Gutiérrez-Sánchez, DanielLeiva-Santos, Juan PSánchez-Hernández, RosaHernández-Marrero, DomingoCuesta-Vargas, Antonio I2016-12-072016-12-072016-11-18Gutiérrez-Sánchez D, Leiva-Santos JP, Sánchez-Hernández R, Hernández-Marrero D, Cuesta-Vargas AI. Spanish modified version of the palliative care outcome scale-symptoms renal: cross-cultural adaptation and validation. BMC Nephrol. 2016; 17(1):180http://hdl.handle.net/10668/2559Journal Article;BACKGROUND Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high symptoms burden that is related to a poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and high costs of care. Validated instruments may be useful for assessing the symptoms and monitoring outcomes in these patients. The Palliative care Outcome Scale-Symptoms Renal (POS-S Renal) is a patient-reported outcome measure for assessing symptoms in CKD stage 4-5. This study is the first cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric analysis of this clinical tool. The purpose of this study is to carry out a cross-cultural adaptation of the POS-S Renal for Spanish-speaking patients, and to perform an analysis of the psychometric properties of this questionnaire. METHODS The English version of the POS-S Renal was culturally adapted and translated into Spanish using a double forward and backward method. An expert panel evaluated the content validity. The questionnaire was pilot-tested in 30 patients. A total of 200 patients with CKD stage 4-5 filled in a modified Spanish version of the POS-S Renal and the MSAS-SF. Statistical analysis to evaluate the psychometric properties of the questionnaire was carried out. RESULTS The content validity index (CVI) was 0.97, which indicated that the content of the instrument is an adequate reflection of the symptoms in advanced CKD (ACKD). The factor analysis indicated a two-factor solution explaining 35.05% of total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated that the two factor model was well supported (comparative fit index = 0.98, root mean square error of approximation = 0.068). This assessment tool demonstrated a satisfactory test-retest reliability (r = 0.909 to factor 1, r = 0.695 to factor 2, r = 0.887 to total score), good internal consistency to factor 1 (α = 0.78) and moderate internal consistency to factor 2 (α = 0.56). Concurrent criterion-related validity with MSAS-SF was also demonstrated, with r = 0.860, which indicated a high degree of correlation with a validated instrument that has been used in patients with ACKD. CONCLUSIONS The Spanish modified version of the POS-S Renal is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to assess symptoms in Spanish patients with CKD stage 4-5.enOutcome measureSymptomsACKDPsychometricsComparación TransculturalAnálisis factorialHumanosLenguajeEvaluación del resultado de la atención al pacientePsicometríaCalidad de vidaInsuficiencia renal crónicaReproducibilidad de resultadosEncuestas y cuestionariosMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Sociology::Culture::Cross-Cultural ComparisonMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Factor Analysis, StatisticalMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Communication::LanguageMedical Subject Headings::Health Care::Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation::Quality of Health Care::Health Care Evaluation Mechanisms::Outcome and Process Assessment (Health Care)::Outcome Assessment (Health Care)::Patient Outcome AssessmentMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavioral Disciplines and Activities::Psychological Tests::PsychometricsMedical Subject Headings::Disciplines and Occupations::Social Sciences::Quality of LifeMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Male Urogenital Diseases::Urologic Diseases::Kidney Diseases::Renal Insufficiency::Renal Insufficiency, ChronicMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Research Design::Reproducibility of ResultsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Surveys and Questionnairesresearch article27863475open access10.1186/s12882-016-0402-81471-2369