Sethi, RickinderGómez-Coronado, NievesWalker, Adam JRobertson, Oliver D'ArcyAgustini, BrunoBerk, MichaelDodd, Seetal2023-01-252023-01-252019-09-041664-0640http://hdl.handle.net/10668/14543Neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, are associated with significant illness burden. Accumulating evidence supports an association between these disorders and inflammation. Consequently, anti-inflammatory agents, such as the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, represent a novel avenue to prevent and treat neuropsychiatric illness. In this paper, we first review the role of inflammation in psychiatric pathophysiology including inflammatory cytokines' influence on neurotransmitters, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and microglial mechanisms. We then discuss how cyclooxygenase-2-inhibitors influence these pathways with potential therapeutic benefit, with a focus on celecoxib, due to its superior safety profile. A search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO databases, in addition to Clinicaltrials.gov and the Stanley Medical Research Institute trial registries. The results were presented as a narrative review. Currently available outcomes for randomized controlled trials up to November 2017 are also discussed. The evidence reviewed here suggests cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and in particular celecoxib, may indeed assist in treating the symptoms of neuropsychiatric disorders; however, further studies are required to assess appropriate illness stage-related indication.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/autism spectrum disorderbipolar disordercyclooxygenase-2 inhibitorsdepressioninflammationobsessive compulsive disorderpsychiatryschizophreniaresearch article31551825open access10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00605PMC6738329https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00605/pdfhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6738329/pdf