Micó-Carnero, MarcRojano-Alfonso, CarlosÁlvarez-Mercado, Ana IsabelGracia-Sancho, JordiCasillas-Ramírez, AraníPeralta, Carmen2023-01-112023-01-112020-12-22Micó-Carnero M, Rojano-Alfonso C, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Gracia-Sancho J, Casillas-Ramírez A, Peralta C. Effects of Gut Metabolites and Microbiota in Healthy and Marginal Livers Submitted to Surgery. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Dec 22;22(1):441661-6596http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4563Microbiota is defined as the collection of microorganisms within the gastrointestinal ecosystem. These microbes are strongly implicated in the stimulation of immune responses. An unbalanced microbiota, termed dysbiosis, is related to the development of several liver diseases. The bidirectional relationship between the gut, its microbiota and the liver is referred to as the gut-liver axis. The translocation of bacterial products from the intestine to the liver induces inflammation in different cell types such as Kupffer cells, and a fibrotic response in hepatic stellate cells, resulting in deleterious effects on hepatocytes. Moreover, ischemia-reperfusion injury, a consequence of liver surgery, alters the microbiota profile, affecting inflammation, the immune response and even liver regeneration. Microbiota also seems to play an important role in post-operative outcomes (i.e., liver transplantation or liver resection). Nonetheless, studies to determine changes in the gut microbial populations produced during and after surgery, and affecting liver function and regeneration are scarce. In the present review we analyze and discuss the preclinical and clinical studies reported in the literature focused on the evaluation of alterations in microbiota and its products as well as their effects on post-operative outcomes in hepatic surgery.enAtribución 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/MicrobiotaLiver transplantationPartial hepatectomyLiver surgeryIschemia-reperfusionTrasplante de hígadoHepatectomíaCirugía generalHigadoDaño por reperfusiónMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::AnimalsMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::DysbiosisMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Digestive System::Gastrointestinal TractMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative::Digestive System Surgical Procedures::HepatectomyMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Anatomy::Digestive System::LiverMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Digestive System Diseases::Liver DiseasesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Surgical Procedures, Operative::Digestive System Surgical Procedures::Liver TransplantationMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular Diseases::Vascular Diseases::Reperfusion Injuryreview article33375200open access10.3390/ijms220100441422-0067PMC7793124