Ruiz-Espigares, JesúsNieto, DanielMoroni, LorenzoJiménez, GemaMarchal, Juan Antonio2022-10-212022-10-212021-03-11Ruiz-Espigares J, Nieto D, Moroni L, Jiménez G, Marchal JA. Evolution of Metastasis Study Models toward Metastasis-On-A-Chip: The Ultimate Model? Small. 2021 Apr;17(14):e20060091613-6810http://hdl.handle.net/10668/4271For decades, several attempts have been made to obtain a mimetic model for the study of metastasis, the reason of most of deaths caused by cancer, in order to solve the unknown phenomena surrounding this disease. To better understand this cellular dissemination process, more realistic models are needed that are capable of faithfully recreating the entire and essential tumor microenvironment (TME). Thus, new tools known as tumor-on-a-chip and metastasis-on-a-chip have been recently proposed. These tools incorporate microfluidic systems and small culture chambers where TME can be faithfully modeled thanks to 3D bioprinting. In this work, a literature review has been developed about the different phases of metastasis, the remaining unknowns and the use of new models to study this disease. The aim is to provide a global vision of the current panorama and the great potential that these systems have for in vitro translational research on the molecular basis of the pathology. In addition, these models will allow progress toward a personalized medicine, generating chips from patient samples that mimic the original tumor and the metastatic process to perform a precise pharmacological screening by establishing the most appropriate treatment protocol.enAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/3D bioprintingCancerMetastasisMetastasis-on-a-chipTumor-on-a-chipBioimpresiónImpresión tridimensionalMicroambiente tumoralMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Equipment and Supplies::Electrical Equipment and Supplies::Micro-Electrical-Mechanical Systems::Lab-On-A-Chip DevicesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Rheology::MicrofluidicsMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Cell Physiological Phenomena::Cellular Microenvironment::Tumor MicroenvironmentMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::BioprintingMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Rheology::MicrofluidicsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Therapeutics::Clinical ProtocolsMedical Subject Headings::Information Science::Information Science::Communications Media::Publications::Review Literature as TopicMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Diagnosis::Early Diagnosis::Early Detection of Cancerreview article33705602open access10.1002/smll.2020060091613-6829