Moreno-Indias, IsabelCardona, FernandoTinahones, Francisco JQueipo-Ortuño, María Isabel2014-06-232014-06-232014-04-29Moreno-Indias I, Cardona F, Tinahones FJ, Queipo-Ortuño MI. Impact of the gut microbiota on the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Microbiol. 2014; 5:190http://hdl.handle.net/10668/1641REVIEW;Obesity and its associated disorders are a major public health concern. Although obesity has been mainly related with perturbations of the balance between food intake and energy expenditure, other factors must nevertheless be considered. Recent insight suggests that an altered composition and diversity of gut microbiota could play an important role in the development of metabolic disorders. This review discusses research aimed at understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (TDM2). The establishment of gut microbiota is dependent on the type of birth. With effect from this point, gut microbiota remain quite stable, although changes take place between birth and adulthood due to external influences, such as diet, disease and environment. Understand these changes is important to predict diseases and develop therapies. A new theory suggests that gut microbiota contribute to the regulation of energy homeostasis, provoking the development of an impairment in energy homeostasis and causing metabolic diseases, such as insulin resistance or TDM2. The metabolic endotoxemia, modifications in the secretion of incretins and butyrate production might explain the influence of the microbiota in these diseases.esGut microbiotaObesitytype 2 diabetes mellitusInflammationLPSSCFAFlora intestinalDiabetes Mellitus tipo 2InflamaciónObesidadÁcidos Grasos VolátilesLipopolisacáridosMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Nutrition Disorders::Overnutrition::ObesityMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::InflammationMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases::Metabolic Diseases::Glucose Metabolism Disorders::Diabetes Mellitus::Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Medical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::LipopolysaccharidesMedical Subject Headings::Chemicals and Drugs::Lipids::Fatty Acids::Fatty Acids, VolatileMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Biological Phenomena::Ecological and Environmental Phenomena::Environment::Ecosystem::Biodiversity::Biota::MicrobiotaMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Bacteria::Bacteroidetes::Bacteroidaceae::Bacteroidesreview article24808896open access10.3389/fmicb.2014.001901664-302XPMC4010744