Rohrmann, SabineOvervad, KimBueno-de-Mesquita, H BasJakobsen, Marianne UEgeberg, RikkeTjønneland, AnneNailler, LauraBoutron-Ruault, Marie-ChristineClavel-Chapelon, FrançoiseKrogh, VittorioPalli, DomenicoPanico, SalvatoreTumino, RosarioRicceri, FulvioBergmann, Manuela MBoeing, HeinerLi, KuanrongKaaks, RudolfKhaw, Kay-TeeWareham, Nicholas JCrowe, Francesca LKey, Timothy JNaska, AndronikiTrichopoulou, AntoniaTrichopoulos, DimitiriosLeenders, MaxPeeters, Petra H MEngeset, DagrunParr, Christine LSkeie, GuriJakszyn, PaulaSanchez-Perez, Maria-JoseHuerta, José MRedondo, M LuisaBarricarte, AurelioAmiano, PilarDrake, IsabelSonestedt, EmilyHallmans, GöranJohansson, IngegerdFedirko, VeronikaRomieux, IsabelleFerrari, PietroNorat, TeresaVergnaud, Anne CRiboli, ElioLinseisen, Jakob2013-09-202013-09-202013-03-07Rohrmann S, Overvad K, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Jakobsen MU, Egeberg R, Tjønneland A, et al. Meat consumption and mortality--results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. BMC Med. 2013; 11:631741-7015http://hdl.handle.net/10668/1282Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;BACKGROUND Recently, some US cohorts have shown a moderate association between red and processed meat consumption and mortality supporting the results of previous studies among vegetarians. The aim of this study was to examine the association of red meat, processed meat, and poultry consumption with the risk of early death in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS Included in the analysis were 448,568 men and women without prevalent cancer, stroke, or myocardial infarction, and with complete information on diet, smoking, physical activity and body mass index, who were between 35 and 69 years old at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the association of meat consumption with all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS As of June 2009, 26,344 deaths were observed. After multivariate adjustment, a high consumption of red meat was related to higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.28, 160+ versus 10 to 19.9 g/day), and the association was stronger for processed meat (HR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.66, 160+ versus 10 to 19.9 g/day). After correction for measurement error, higher all-cause mortality remained significant only for processed meat (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.25, per 50 g/d). We estimated that 3.3% (95% CI 1.5% to 5.0%) of deaths could be prevented if all participants had a processed meat consumption of less than 20 g/day. Significant associations with processed meat intake were observed for cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and 'other causes of death'. The consumption of poultry was not related to all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS The results of our analysis support a moderate positive association between processed meat consumption and mortality, in particular due to cardiovascular diseases, but also to cancer.enMortalityCohortEuropecardiovascularcancerDietMeatEnfermedades cardiovascularesEstudios de cohortesNeoplasiasMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::AgedMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::Cardiovascular DiseasesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Phenomena and Processes::Physiological Phenomena::Nutritional Physiological Phenomena::DietMedical Subject Headings::Psychiatry and Psychology::Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms::Behavior::Feeding BehaviorMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::FemaleMedical Subject Headings::Organisms::Eukaryota::Animals::Chordata::Vertebrates::Mammals::Primates::Haplorhini::Catarrhini::Hominidae::HumansMedical Subject Headings::Check Tags::MaleMedical Subject Headings::Technology, Industry, Agriculture::Food and Beverages::Food::MeatMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adult::Middle AgedMedical Subject Headings::Diseases::NeoplasmsMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Data Collection::Health Surveys::Nutrition SurveysMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Epidemiologic Study Characteristics as Topic::Epidemiologic Studies::Cohort Studies::Longitudinal Studies::Prospective StudiesMedical Subject Headings::Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment::Investigative Techniques::Epidemiologic Methods::Statistics as Topic::Survival AnalysisMedical Subject Headings::Geographicals::Geographic Locations::Americas::North America::United StatesMedical Subject Headings::Named Groups::Persons::Age Groups::Adultresearch article23497300open access10.1186/1741-7015-11-631741-7015PMC3599112