Cian, Raul EHernandez-Chirlaque, CristinaGamez-Belmonte, ReyesDrago, Silvina RSanchez de Medina, FerminMartinez-Augustin, Olga2023-01-252023-01-252018-07-10Cian RE, Hernández-Chirlaque C, Gámez-Belmonte R, Drago SR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Green Alga Ulva spp. Hydrolysates and Their Peptide Fractions Regulate Cytokine Production in Splenic Macrophages and Lymphocytes Involving the TLR4-NFκB/MAPK Pathways. Mar Drugs. 2018 Jul 11;16(7):235.http://hdl.handle.net/10668/12703Hydrolysates of food protein sources have immunomodulatory effects, which are of interest for use as functional foods. In this study, we have characterized the immune regulatory effect on rat splenocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes of Ulva spp. hydrolysates and their peptide fractions with or without in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and/or ultrafiltration. IL-10 was induced in almost all conditions and cell types obtained from wild type animals. The induction was in general increased by ultrafiltration and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. TNF was also induced in basal conditions. In turn, TNF and IFN-γ production was attenuated by the hydrolysate products in lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A immune stimulated cells. Inhibitors for the activation of NFκB, MAPK p38 and JNK inhibited IL-10 induction in rat splenocytes. The response was dramatically attenuated in TLR4-/- cells, and only modestly in TLR2-/- cells. Food peptides from Ulva spp. genus exert anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells mediated by TLR4 and NFκB. Similarity with the immunomodulatory profile of protein hydrolysates from other sources suggests a common mechanism.enAttribution 4.0 Internationalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/NFκBTLR2TLR4bioactive peptidesgreen seaweedsinterleukin 10AnimalsCells, CulturedCytokinesFemaleLymphocytesMAP Kinase Signaling SystemMacrophagesMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutNF-kappa BPeptidesPrimary Cell CultureProtein HydrolysatesRatsRats, WistarSpleenToll-Like Receptor 4Ulvaresearch article29997311open accessAnimalesBazoCitocinasCultivo primario de célulasCélulas cultivadasFN-kappa BFemeninoHidrolisados de proteínaLinfocitosMacrófagosReceptor Toll-Like 4QuinasasUlva10.3390/md160702351660-3397PMC6071126https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/16/7/235/pdf?version=1531283452https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6071126/pdf